Commonly included components of state newborn screening programs for conditions that cause intellectual disability

Condition	Clinical syndrome	Treatment
Biotinidase deficiency	Seizures, skin disorders, hearing loss, ID, death	Daily biotin
Congenital hypothyroidism	Impaired growth and intellectual development	Thyroid hormone replacement
Galactosemia	Cataracts, cirrhosis, ID, fatal sepsis	Eliminate lactose, use soy for newborn sepsis evaluation
Homocystinuria	ID, osteoporosis, thromboembolic disease	Dietary restrictions, supplemental medicines
Maple syrup urine disease	Feeding problems, vomiting, death; severe ID	Branched-chain amino acids/dietary restrictions
Phenylketonuria	ID, seizures, eczema	Phenylalanine-restricted diet
Congenital toxoplasmosis	Hydrocephalus, ID, splenomegaly, ascites	One year of regimented antibiotics, infectious disease consult
Newborn hearing screen	Global delay in cognitive and social development	Hearing aids Special Education

ID: intellectual disability.

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