Version May 2024
| Class | Examples | Side effects |
| Agents that suppress aqueous inflow | ||
| Beta adrenergic blockers | Betaxolol, carteolol, levobunolol*, timolol | Ocular irritation and dry eyes. Contraindicated in patients with bradycardia, heart block, heart failure, asthma, or obstructive airway disease. |
| Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists | Apraclonidine, brimonidine | Red eye and ocular irritation. CNS effects and respiratory arrest in young children (brimonidine). Caution in patients with cerebral or coronary insufficiency, Raynaud phenomenon, postural hypotension, hepatic or renal impairment. |
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors | Dorzolamide and brinzolamide (topical), acetazolamide and methazolamide (oral) | Oral form can cause transient myopia, nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite and taste, parasthesiae, lassitude, renal stones, and hematological problems. Topical forms much less likely to cause systemic side effects but can cause local irritation and redness. |
| Agents that increase aqueous outflow | ||
| Prostaglandin analogues, (prostamide) | Bimatoprost, latanoprost, tafluprost, travoprost, unoprostone* | Brown discoloration of iris, lengthening and darkening of eyelashes, ocular irritation and redness, macular edema or iritis in susceptible individuals |
| Alpha adrenergic agonists | Apraclonidine, brimonidine | Red eye and ocular irritation. CNS effects and respiratory arrest in young children (brimonidine). Caution in patients with cerebral or coronary insufficiency, Raynaud phenomenon, postural hypotension, hepatic or renal impairment. |
| Cholinergic agonists | Pilocarpine, carbachol | Ciliary spasm leading to headaches especially in younger patients, myopia, dim vision (small pupil). Cataracts and iris-lens adhesions in long term. |
| Rho kinase inhibitors | Netarsudil | Red eye and ocular irritation. |
CNS: central nervous system.
* Not available in the United States or Canada.آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟
