Agents associated with noncardiogenic pulmonary edema

Irritant gases

Ammonia

Chlorine

Hydrogen sulfide

Nitrogen oxides

Phosgene

Smoke

Sulfur dioxide

Metal oxides

Acid and alkaline gases

Aldehydes

Isocyanates

Polymers

Volatile inhalants (hydrocarbons)

Gasoline

Kerosene

Butane

Beryllium

Opiates

Heroin

Methadone

Sedative-hypnotics

Ethchlorvynol

Cellular asphyxiants

Cyanide

Carbon monoxide

Salicylates

Organophosphates

Phencyclidine

Paraquat

Ethylene glycol

Heavy metals

Sympathomimetics

Beta blockers

Calcium-channel blockers

Any agent that causes prolonged hypoxia or hypotension may result in the acute respiratory distress syndrome.

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