Important viral zoonoses that cause encephalitis

Family/virus	Vector	Vertebrate host	Ecology	Geographic distribution	Epidemics
Togaviridae
Eastern equine encephalitis	Mosquitoes	Birds	R	Americas	Yes
Western equine encephalitis	Mosquitoes	Birds, rabbits	R	Americas	Yes
Venezuelan equine encephalitis	Mosquitoes	Rodents	R	Americas	Yes
Flaviviridae
Dengue	Mosquitoes	Humans	R, S, U	Americas, Africa, Asia
Japanese encephalitis	Mosquitoes	Birds	R, S	Asia	Yes
Murray Valley encephalitis	Mosquitoes	Birds	R	Australia	Yes
St. Louis encephalitis	Mosquitoes	Birds	R, S, U	Americas	Yes
West Nile encephalitis	Mosquitoes	Birds	R, S, U	Asia, Africa, North America,	Yes
Powassan	Ticks		R, S	Europe, Northern United States, Canada	No
Tick-borne encephalitis	Ticks	Rodents	R	Europe, Asia	No
Bunyaviridae
La Crosse encephalitis	Mosquitoes	Rodents	R, S	North America	No
California encephalitis	Mosquitoes	Rodents	R	North America, Europe, Asia	Yes
Reoviridae
Colorado tick fever	Ticks	Rodents, small mammals	R	Western United States, Canada	No

R: rural; S: suburban; U: urban.

Graphic 77283 Version 3.0