Aortic stenosis

M-mode echocardiogram and carotid pulse (CP) tracings show aortic stenosis of various severity. Panel A: Mild aortic stenosis. There is increased density in region of the aortic valve (AV) but preservation of the rapid movement of one leaflet. The carotid pulse tracing shows an upstroke time of 17 msec and an ejection time of 35 msec. Panel B: Critical aortic stenosis. There are dense echoes through the leaflets, which are uninterupted by leaflet motion. The carotid upstroke time is prolonged to 25 msec.