August 2025
| Nerve | Site of injury | Cause | Symptoms | Signs |
| Common peroneal | Fibular neck, just below the knee | Prolonged lying, leg crossing, squatting, leg cast; vasculitis | Foot drop, paresthesias and/or sensory loss over dorsum of foot and lateral shin | Weakness on foot dorsiflexion and eversion; sensory loss on dorsum of foot; reflexes normal |
| Deep peroneal | Ankle or fibular neck, just below the knee | Prolonged lying, leg crossing, squatting, leg cast; vasculitis; tight-fitting shoe rim or strap | Foot drop, ankle pain, minimal weakness and sensory loss over web space between digits 1 and 2 | Weakness on dorsiflexion and sensory loss over web space between digits 1 and 2; reflexes normal |
| Posterior tibial | Tarsal tunnel of ankle | Fracture or dislocation of talus, calcaneus, medial malleolus, rheumatoid arthritis, tumor | Aching, burning, numbness, tingling on sole of foot, distal foot, toes, and occasionally heel | Positive Tinel sign over nerve posterior to medial malleolus; sensory loss on sole of foot; atrophy of foot muscles if severe |
| Sciatic | Sciatic notch/gluteal region | Trauma (hip dislocation, fracture, or replacement), prolonged bed rest, deep-seated pelvic mass, piriformis syndrome | Leg pain and weakness affecting most lower leg muscles and hamstrings | Weakness in dorsiflexion, inversion, eversion, plantarflexion, and knee flexion; sensory loss in peroneal, tibial, and sural territories; may spare medial calf and arch of foot; normal knee reflex; absent ankle reflex |
| Mid-thigh | Femur fracture, mass, vasculitis | Similar to above but sparing hamstrings | Similar to above, but preserved knee flexion strength | |
| Femoral | Pelvis and anterior thigh | Hip or pelvic fracture, hip replacement, lithotomy position, diabetes mellitus | Difficulty lifting leg and extending knee; falls due to knee giving out; may or may not have numbness over thigh and medial calf | Quadriceps weakness, hip flexion weakness; sensory loss over anterior and medial thigh extending down medial shin to arch of foot; reduced or unobtainable knee jerk |
| Lateral femoral cutaneous | Inguinal ligament (meralgia paresthetica) | Obesity, tight-fitting belts, diabetes mellitus, idiopathic | Paresthesias and pain radiating down the lateral thigh to knee | Sensory loss on lateral thigh |
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