Average age estimates and upper age limits of customary consonant production

The solid bar corresponding to each sound starts at the median age of customary articulation; it stops at an age level at which 90% of all children are customarily producing sound.^[1,2]

Θ: th as in "thin"; δ: th as in "those".

References:

Wellman B, Case I, Mengert I, Bradbury D. Speech sounds of young children. Univ Iowa Stud Child Welf 1931; 5:1.
Templin M. Certain Language Skills in Children. University of Minnesota 1957.

Reprinted with permission from: When are speech sounds learned? by E K Sander. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 37, 55. Copyright © 1972 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. All rights reserved.

Graphic 78646 Version 5.0

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Average age estimates and upper age limits of customary consonant production