Version June 2024
| Pathogen (related disease) | Populations at risk |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (tuberculosis) | Older adults, immigrants, HIV positive |
| Nontuberculous mycobacteria (bronchiectasis) | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HIV positive |
| Nocardia spp (nocardiosis) | Immunocompromised host |
| Actinomyces israelii (actinomycosis) | Aspiration risk, chest wall involvement |
| Aspergillus spp (aspergillosis) | Immunocompromised host, evidence of vascular invasion |
| Endemic fungi: | |
| Histoplasma capsulatum (histoplasmosis) | Mississippi River Valley |
| Coccidioides immitis (coccidioidomycosis) | Southwestern United States |
| Blastomyces dermatitidis (blastomycosis) | Southeast and Midwest United States |
| Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) | Exposure to cats, cattle, or sheep |
| Francisella tularensis (tularemia) | Exposure to rabbits or ticks |
| Chlamydia psittaci (psittacosis) | Avian sources |
| Yersinia pestis (plague) | Exposure to rats |
| Leptospira interrogans (leptospirosis) | Exposure to rats |
| Burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis) | Southeast Asia (rodent exposure), mimics tuberculosis |
| Paragonimus westermani (paragonimiasis) | Asia/Africa/Central and South America |
| Hantavirus | Southwestern United States with exposure to mice |
| Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) | More common in Asia Minor, Iran, Turkey, Greece, South Africa; contact with infected animal carcasses or hides |
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