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تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : 3 مورد
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International classification of intraocular retinoblastoma

International classification of intraocular retinoblastoma
Group Description Mnemonic Specific features
A Very low risk: Eyes with small discrete tumors away from critical structures

A is for Away

(Away from critical structures)		 Tumor ≤3 mm in basal dimension or thickness
B Low risk: Eyes with discrete retinal tumor of any size or location without vitreous or subretinal seeding

B is for Bigger

(Bigger and/or closer than group A)		 Tumor >3 mm in basal dimension or thickness, or any of the following:
  • Macular location ≤3 mm to foveola
  • Juxtapapillary location ≤1.5 mm to disc
  • Clear subretinal fluid ≤3 mm from margin
C Moderate risk: Eyes with discrete retinal tumors of any size and location with only focal vitreous or subretinal seeding

C is for Seeding

(Early localized seeding)		 One of the following:
  • Subretinal seeds ≤3 mm from tumor
  • Vitreous seeds ≤3 mm from tumor
  • Both subretinal and vitreous seeds ≤3 mm from tumor
  • Less than one quadrant of subretinal fluid in the fundus
D High risk: Eyes with massive nondiscrete tumors and/or diffuse vitreous or subretinal seeding D is for Diffuse seeding One of the following:
  • Subretinal seeds >3 mm from tumor
  • Vitreous seeds >3 mm from tumor
  • Both subretinal and vitreous seeds >3 mm from tumor
  • Greater than one quadrant of subretinal fluid in the fundus
E Very high risk: Eyes that have been destroyed anatomically or functionally by the tumor E is for Extensive Extensive retinoblastoma or one of the following:
  • Neovascular glaucoma
  • Opaque media from hemorrhage in anterior chamber, vitreous, or subretinal space
  • Invasion of postlaminar optic nerve, choroid (>2 mm), sclera, orbit, anterior chamber
  • Tumor anterior to the anterior vitreous face, including the ciliary body or iris
  • Diffuse infiltrating tumor
  • Phthisis bulbi or orbital cellulitis
References:
  1. Linn Murphree A. Intraocular retinoblastoma: the case for a new group classification. Opthalmol Clin North Am 2005; 18:41.
  2. Shields CL, Mashayekhi A, Au AK. The International Classification of Retinoblastoma Predicts Chemoreduction Success. Ophthalmology 2006; 113.2276.
  3. Ortize MV, Dunkel IJ. Retinoblastoma. J Child Neurol 2016; 31:227.
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