Contraindications to bronchoscopy

Life-threatening arrhythmia

Refractory hypoxemia

Poor ability to cooperate with procedure

Recent myocardial infarction or unstable angina

Serum creatinine >3*

Platelets <50,000*

Uncorrected coagulopathy*

Superior vena cava obstruction*^¶

Pulmonary hypertension*

Unstable neck or cervical spine immobility^Δ

Limited motion of temporo-mandibular joint^Δ

Pregnancy^◊

* Relative contraindication for biopsy, but not inspection.
¶ Relative risk of bleeding with biopsy in this setting is not well-defined.
Δ Contraindication to rigid bronchoscopy only.
◊ Bronchoscopy is possible during pregnancy, however medications must be assessed careful for potential maternal and fetal toxicity.

Graphic 79205 Version 2.0

خرید پکیج

Contraindications to bronchoscopy