Version May 2024
| Mucosal |
| Inflammatory |
| Rhinosinusitis (may also have infectious etiology) |
| Rhinitis, allergic and non-allergic |
| Nasal polyps |
| Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) |
| Sarcoidosis |
| Histiocytosis X |
| Infectious |
| HIV |
| Syphilis |
| Tuberculosis |
| Nasal vestibulitis |
| Medication |
| Antithyroid medications |
| Antihypertensive medications |
| Alpha-blockers |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors |
| Beta-blockers |
| Calcium channel blockers |
| Hydralazine |
| Some antidepressants |
| Benzodiazepines |
| Erectile dysfunction agents (phosphodiesterase 5-inhibitors) |
| Estrogen and progesterone |
| Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) |
| Rhinitis medicamentosa (rebound nasal congestion with intranasal decongestants such as oxymetazoline or neosynephrine) |
| Structural |
| Congenital abnormalities (eg, pyriform aperture stenosis, choanal atresia) |
| Acquired abnormalities |
| Enlarged adenoids |
| Foreign bodies |
| Septal disorders (eg, septal perforation due to intranasal cocaine, septal deviation due to trauma) |
| Nasal valve abnormalities |
| Mucoceles |
| Tumors (eg, inverted papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, olfactory neuroblastoma) |
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