Congenital |
Nonsyndromic |
X-linked (XLSA) |
Mitochondrial transporter SLC25A38 defects |
Mitochondrial heat shock protein 70 (HSPA9) defects |
Mitochondrial heat shock cognate protein 20 (HSCB) defects |
Glutaredoxin 5 deficiency |
Erythropoietic protoporphyria |
Syndromic |
X-linked with ataxia (XLSA/A) |
Sideroblastic anemia, B cell immunodeficiency, periodic fevers, and developmental delay (SIFD) |
Myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia (MLASA), and variants |
Pearson marrow-pancreas syndrome |
Thiamine responsive megaloblastic anemia (TRMA) |
Syndromic or nonsyndromic |
Autosomal of unknown cause |
Sporadic congenital of unknown cause |
Acquired |
Clonal/neoplastic |
MDS with ring sideroblasts and single lineage dysplasia (MDS-RS-SLD) |
MDS with ring sideroblasts and multilineage dysplasia (MDS-RS-MLD) |
Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (MDS/MPN-RS-T) |
Metabolic/reversible |
Copper deficiency (zinc toxicity) |
Drugs (eg, isoniazid, chloramphenicol, linezolid) |
Excess alcohol use |
Hypothermia |
Transient sideroblastic anemia during pregnancy |
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