Version June 2024
| Function | Deficiency syndrome | Main sources | |
| Water-soluble | |||
| B1 (thiamine) | Thiamine pyrophosphate | Beriberi - dry (peripheral neuropathy) or wet (heart failure), Wernicke encephalopathy (nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia) | Wheat germ, whole grains, dried beans, oatmeal, brown rice, pork, liver, lentils, fish, enriched breakfast cereals |
| B2 (riboflavin) | Flavine adenine dinucleotide | Nonspecific symptoms including edema of mucus membranes, angular stomatitis, glossitis, and seborrheic dermatitis | Milk products, meat, cheese, eggs, liver, ocean fish, oats, kidney beans, whole grains (quinoa), almonds, chicken breast, enriched breakfast cereals |
| B3 (niacin, nicotinic acid) | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide | Pellagra (dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia) | Peanuts, peas, liver, poultry, tuna, salmon, anchovies, lean meat, brown rice, enriched breakfast cereals |
| B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxal) | Transaminase cofactor | Anemia, weakness, insomnia, difficulty walking, nasolabial seborrheic dermatitis, cheilosis, stomatitis | Bananas, chick peas, fortified cereals, yeast, potatoes, brown rice, salmon, chicken, tuna, liver, dark leafy greens, papayas, oranges, breakfast cereals fortified with 25% of daily value (DV) |
| B12 (cobalamin) | One carbon transfer | Megaloblastic anemia (pernicious anemia), neurologic symptoms (subacute combined degeneration) | Clams, tuna, salmon, liver, egg yolk, beef, lentils, fortified cereals with 25% of DV, turkey, cheddar cheese, nutritional yeast |
| Folate | One carbon transfer | Megaloblastic anemia | Liver, spinach, avocado, lentils, black-eyed peas, asparagus, brussel sprouts, kidney beans, fortified cereals with 25% of DV |
| Biotin | Pyruvate carboxylase cofactor | Very rare; thinning of hair, other nonspecific symptoms including altered mental status, myalgia, dysesthesias, anorexia, papulosquamous dermatitis | Liver, egg, salmon, pork, hamburger, sunflower seeds, sweet potatoes, almonds, tuna, spinach, broccoli, cheddar cheese |
| Pantothenate | Coenzyme A | Nonspecific symptoms including paresthesias, dysesthesias ("burning feet"), anemia, gastrointestinal symptoms | Breakfast cereals fortified with 100% DV, shiitake mushrooms, white mushrooms, sunflower seeds, eggs, Greek yogurt, chicken, tuna, avocado, potato, peanuts |
| C (ascorbate) | Antioxidant, collagen synthesis | Scurvy - fatigue, petechiae, ecchymoses, bleeding gums, depression, dry skin, impaired wound healing | Citrus fruits, red and green peppers, papaya, broccoli, brussel sprouts, strawberries, paprika, kohlrabi |
| Fat-soluble | |||
| A (retinol, retinal, retinoic acid; including some carotenoids) | Vision, epithelial differentiation, antioxidant | Night blindness, xerophthalmia, keratomalacia, Bitot's spot, follicular hyperkeratosis | Cod-liver oil, liver, sweet potatoes, spinach, pumpkin, carrots, herring, milk products, dark leafy green vegetables, butter, egg yolk |
| D (cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol) | Prohormone for calcium regulation | Rickets, osteomalacia, craniotabes | Cod-liver oil, fatty fish (salmon, trout, tuna), milk, egg yolk, liver, mushrooms, soy, almond and oat milks fortified with vitamin D, fortified cereals |
| E (tocopherols) | Antioxidant | Sensory and motor neuropathy, ataxia, retinal degeneration, hemolytic anemia | Sunflower seeds, wheat germ oil, almonds, fortified cereals, hazelnuts, peanut butter/peanuts, sunflower oil, safflower oil, spinach, turnip greens, collard |
| K (phylloquinone, menaquinone, menadione) | Clotting factors, bone proteins | Hemorrhagic disease | Cooked collard greens, spinach, kale, mustard greens, raw spinach, cooked brussel sprouts, pine nuts, green leaf lettuce, kiwi, natto, edamame, soybean oil, olive oil |
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