Medications that may cause or worsen urinary incontinence

Medication	Effect on continence
Alcohol	Frequency, urgency, sedation, delirium, immobility
α-Adrenergic agonists	Outlet obstruction (men)
α-Adrenergic blockers	Stress leakage (women)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors	Associated cough worsens stress and possibly urge leakage in persons with impaired sphincter function
Anticholinergics	Impaired emptying, retention, delirium, sedation, constipation, fecal impaction
Antipsychotics	Anticholinergic effects plus rigidity and immobility
Calcium channel blockers	Impaired detrusor contractility and retention; the dihydropyridine agents can cause pedal edema, leading to nocturnal polyuria
Estrogen	Worsens stress and mixed leakage in women
GABAnergic agents (gabapentin, pregablin)	Pedal edema causing nocturia and nighttime incontinence
Latanoprost	Urge incontinence
Loop diuretics	Polyuria, frequency, urgency
Narcotic analgesics	Urinary retention, fecal impaction, sedation, delirium
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	Pedal edema causing nocturnal polyuria
Oral contraceptives^[1]	Stress, urge, and mixed incontinence
Sedative hypnotics	Sedation, delirium, immobility
Thiazolidinediones	Pedal edema causing nocturnal polyuria
Tricylic antidepressants	Anticholinergic effects, sedation
Cholinesterase inhibitors	Alone may increase incontinence; increased functional impairment when combined with antiincontinence antimuscarinic agents
Beta blockers	Urge incontinence
Opioid analgesics	Sedation, anticholinergic effects
Histamine 1 receptor antagonists	Confusion
Lithium	Polyuria

Reference:

Townsend MK, Curhan GC, Resnick NM, Grodstein F. Oral contraceptive use and incident urinary incontinence in premenopausal women. J Urol 2009; 181:2170.

Reprinted with permission: DuBeau CE. Urinary Incontinence. In: Pompei P, Murphy JB, eds. Geriatrics Review Syllabus: A Core Curriculum in Geriatric Medicine, 6th ed. New York, NY: American Geriatrics Society; 2006: 185. Table based on data from Resnick NM. Geriatric medicine. In: Principles of Internal Medicine, Isselbacher JK, Braunwald E, Wilson JD, et al (Eds), McGraw-Hill, New York 1994. p.34.

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Medications that may cause or worsen urinary incontinence