| Nuclear lesions |
| Congenital (eg, Mobius syndrome) |
| Demyelinating |
| Ischemic |
| Neoplastic |
| Traumatic |
| Metabolic (Wernicke disease) |
| Fascicular lesions |
| Demyelination |
| Infarction |
| Neoplasm |
| Traumatic |
| Subarachnoid space lesions |
| Aneurysm or other vascular abnormalities |
| Carcinomatous meningitis |
| Damage following procedures |
| Cervical traction |
| Shunting for hydrocephalus |
| Spinal or epidural anesthesia |
| Lumbar puncture |
| Myelography, radiculography |
| Inflammatory lesions |
| Vasculitis |
| Sarcoidosis |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus |
| Infectious |
| Lyme disease |
| Syphilis |
| Tuberculosis |
| Cryptococcal and other meningitis |
| Cysticercosis |
| HIV-CMV encephalitis |
| Neoplastic |
| Abducens nerve tumor |
| Leukemia |
| Metastatic |
| Trigeminal nerve tumor |
