I. Parkinson disease |
Parkinson disease - sporadic |
Parkinson disease - hereditary |
II. Multisystem degenerations ("parkinsonism plus") |
Progressive supranuclear palsy |
Multiple system atrophy |
Lytico-Bodig or parkinsonism-dementia-ALS complex of Guam |
Corticobasal degeneration |
Progressive pallidal atrophy |
Parkinsonism-dementia complex |
Pallidopyramidal disease |
III. Heredodegenerative parkinsonism |
Dopa-responsive dystonia |
Huntington disease |
Wilson disease |
Hereditary ceruloplasmin deficiency |
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), including pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, neuroferritinopathy, and aceruloplasminemia |
Olivopontocerebellar and spinocerebellar atrophies including Machado-Joseph disease |
Frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism |
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease |
Familial progressive subcortical gliosis |
Lubag (X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism) |
Familial basal ganglia calcification |
Mitochondrial cytopathies with striatal necrosis |
Ceroid lipofuscinosis |
Familial parkinsonism with peripheral neuropathy |
Parkinsonian-pyramidal syndrome |
Neuroacanthocytosis |
Hereditary hemochromatosis |
Neuroferritinopathy |
IV. Secondary (acquired, symptomatic) parkinsonism |
Infectious |
Postencephalitic |
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis |
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease |
Prion diseases |
Drugs |
Dopamine receptor blocking drugs (antipsychotic, antiemetic drugs) |
Reserpine |
Tetrabenazine |
Alpha-methyldopa |
Lithium |
Flunarizine |
Cinnarizine |
Valproate |
Toxins |
MPTP |
Carbon monoxide |
Manganese |
Mercury |
Carbon disulfide |
Cyanide |
Methanol |
Ethanol |
Vascular |
Multiinfarct |
Binswanger disease |
Trauma |
Pugilistic encephalopathy disease |
Other |
Parathyroid abnormalities |
Hypothyroidism |
Hepatocerebral degeneration |
Brain tumor |
Paraneoplastic |
Normal pressure hydrocephalus |
Noncommunicating hydrocephalus |
Syringomesencephalia |
Hemiatrophy-hemiparkinsonism |
Peripherally induced tremor and parkinsonism, and psychogenic |
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