| Critical Illness |
- Burns
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- Mechanical ventilation
- Multiple transfusions
- Major surgery (including non-biliary, abdominal, or extra-abdominal)
- Sepsis/hypotension
- Total parenteral nutrition
- Trauma
|
| Chronic disease/comorbidities |
- Atherosclerotic/vascular disease
- Congestive heart failure
- Coronary artery disease
- Diabetes mellitus
- End-stage kidney disease
- Vasculitis
|
| Biliary obstruction |
- Ampullary stenosis
- Choledochal cyst
- Hemobilia
- Iatrogenic cystic duct obstruction by a percutaneous transhepatic catheter
- Metastases to porta hepatis
|
| Immunocompromising conditions |
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Acute myelogenous leukemia
- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- Bone marrow transplantation
|
| Infections |
- Refer to UpToDate content on infections associated with acalculous cholecystitis
|
| Miscellaneous |
- Childbirth
- Cholesterol emboli
- Medications (eg, opiates, sunitinib)
|
