Functional classification of patients with heart failure

Class	Severity	VO₂max, mL/kg/min	Anaerobic threshold, mL/kg/min	Maximal cardiac index, L/min/m²
A	None to mild	>20	>14	>8
B	Mild to moderate	16-20	11-14	6-8
C	Moderate to severe	10-15	8-11	4-6
D	Severe	6-9	5-8	2-4
E	Very severe	<6	3-4	<2

Data from: Weber KT, Janicki JS. CardioPulmonary Exercise Testing. Physiologic Principles and Clinical Applications. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1986.

Graphic 82568 Version 4.0

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