Signs of intravascular volume depletion |
- Tachycardia
- Delayed capillary refill
- Low blood pressure
- Weak peripheral pulses
- Dry mucous membranes
|
Signs of fluid overload |
- Edema
- Hypertension
- Heart failure
- Pulmonary edema
|
Kidney disease due to systemic causes |
- Rash – Henoch-Schönlein purpura, acute presentation of systemic lupus erythematous, interstitial nephritis due to drug reaction
- Joint findings (tenderness or swelling) – Henoch-Schönlein purpura, acute presentation of systemic lupus erythematous
|
Palpably enlarged kidneys |
- Polycystic/multicystic kidney disease
- Renal vein thrombosis
|
Signs of obstruction |
- Poor urinary stream
- Palpably enlarged bladder
- Therapeutic catheterization
|