Increased risk for selected congenital defects conferred by maternal smoking during pregnancy

Congenital defect	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval (CI)
Gastroschisis	1.50	1.28-1.76
Abdominal hernia (umbilical, inguinal, or ventral)	1.40	1.23-1.59
Craniosynostosis	1.33	1.03-1.73
Oral clefts	1.28	1.20-1.36
Limb reduction	1.26	1.15-1.39
Clubfoot	1.25	1.10-1.47
Eye	1.25	1.11-1.40
Digit anomaly	1.18	0.99-1.41
Cryptorchidism	1.13	1.02-1.25
Cardiovascular	1.09	1.02-1.17

Data from: Hackshaw A, Rodeck C, Boniface S. Maternal smoking in pregnancy and birth defects: A systematic review based on 173,687 malformed cases and 11.7 million controls. Hum Reprod Update 2011; 17:589.

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