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خرید پکیج
تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : 3 مورد
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Factors significantly associated with increased breast cancer risk for women aged 40 to 49 years

Factors significantly associated with increased breast cancer risk for women aged 40 to 49 years
Risk factor Breast cancer risk ratio
(95% CI)		 Source
(reference)
≥2-fold increased risk
First-degree relatives with breast cancer
1 2.14 (1.92-2.38) 1
2 3.84 (2.37-6.22) 1
Age of first-degree relative with breast cancer
<40 years 3.0 (1.8-4.9) 1
<50 years 2.17 (1.86-2.53) BCSC
Breast density BI-RADS category 4 2.04 (1.84-2.26) 2*
1.5- to 2.0-fold increased risk
Prior benign breast biopsy result 1.87 (1.64-2.13) 3*
Second-degree relative with breast cancer 1.7 (1.4-2.0) 4
Breast density BI-RADS category 3 1.62 (1.51-1.75) 2*
1.0- to 1.5-fold increased risk
Current oral contraceptive use 1.30 (1.13-1.49) BCSC
Nulliparity 1.25 (1.08-1.46) 5-9
Age at first birth ≥30 yearsΔ 1.20 (1.02-1.42) 5-9
BCSC: Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium; BI-RADS: Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System.
* BCSC estimates from published analyses.
¶ Nulliparity was calculated in two ways. Estimates indicating significantly increased risk for nonparous compared with parous women were similar for the meta-analysis and the BCSC data. Estimates comparing ages at first birth that included nonparous women provided significant results for the meta-analysis only.
Δ Results were not statistically significant for the BCSC data.
References:
  1. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Familial breast cancer: Collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 52 epidemiological studies including 58,209 women with breast cancer and 101,986 women without the disease. Lancet 2001; 358:1389.
  2. Kerlikowske K, Cook AJ, Buist DS, et al. Breast cancer risk by breast density, menopause, and postmenopausal hormone therapy use. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:3830.
  3. Ashbeck EL, Rosenberg RD, Stauber PM, Key CR. Benign breast biopsy diagnosis and subsequent risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16:467.
  4. Pharoah PD, Day NE, Duffy S, et al. Family history and the risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 1997; 71:800.
  5. McCredie M, Paul C, Skegg DC, Williams S. Reproductive factors and breast cancer in New Zealand. Int J Cancer 1998; 76:182.
  6. Chen CL, White E, Malone KE, Daling JR. Leisure-time physical activity in relation to breast cancer among young women (Washington, United States). Cancer Causes Control 1997; 8:77.
  7. Althuis MD, Brogan DD, Coates RJ, et al. Breast cancers among very young premenopausal women (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2003; 14:151.
  8. Sweeney C, Baumgartner KB, Byers T, et al. Reproductive history in relation to breast cancer risk among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. Cancer Causes Control 2008; 19:391.
  9. Reinier KS, Vacek PM, Geller BM. Risk factors for breast carcinoma in situ versus invasive breast cancer in a prospective study of pre- and post-menopausal women. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007; 103:343.
Reproduced with permission from: Nelson HD, Zakher B, Cantor A, et al. Risk Factors for Breast Cancer for Women Aged 40 to 49 Years. Ann Intern Med 2012; 156:635. Copyright © 2012 American College of Physicians.
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