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Carbetocin (United States: Not available): Drug information

Carbetocin (United States: Not available): Drug information
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For additional information see "Carbetocin (United States: Not available): Patient drug information"

For abbreviations, symbols, and age group definitions show table
Brand Names: Canada
  • Duratocin
Pharmacologic Category
  • Oxytocic Agent
Dosing: Adult
Postpartum hemorrhage, prevention

Postpartum hemorrhage, prevention:

Following vaginal delivery: IV, IM: 100 mcg (single dose only).

Following cesarean section: IV: 100 mcg (single dose only).

Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.

Dosing: Kidney Impairment: Adult

There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling (has not been studied).

Dosing: Liver Impairment: Adult

There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling (has not been studied).

Adverse Reactions

The following adverse drug reactions and incidences are derived from product labeling unless otherwise specified.

>10%:

Cardiovascular: Flushing (2% to 25%), hypotension (2% to 21%)

Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain (≤40%), nausea (3% to 27%)

Hematologic: Anemia (≤23%)

Local: Localized warm feeling (19%)

Nervous system: Headache (13% to 26%), tremor (1% to 12%)

1% to 10%:

Cardiovascular: Chest pain (4%), tachycardia (1%)

Dermatologic: Diaphoresis (1%), pruritus (10%)

Gastrointestinal: Metallic taste (1% to 6%), vomiting (≤8%)

Nervous system: Anxiety, chills, dizziness (1% to 4%), pain (4%)

Neuromuscular & skeletal: Back pain (4%)

Respiratory: Dyspnea (1% to 10%)

Miscellaneous: Fever (≤9%)

Postmarketing: Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity reaction (including anaphylaxis)

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to carbetocin, oxytocin, or any component of the formulation; administration prior to delivery of infant for any reason (including elective or medical induction of labor); serious cardiovascular disorders; use in children

Warnings/Precautions

Concerns related to adverse effects:

• Antidiuretic effect: May produce antidiuretic effect; risk of water intoxication cannot be excluded.

• Bleeding: Persistent bleeding warrants further evaluation to rule out coagulopathy, genital tract trauma, or the presence of retained placental fragments.

Disease-related concerns:

• Asthma: Use with caution in patients with asthma.

• Cardiovascular disease: Use has not been studied in patients with known coagulopathy; use with extreme caution in patients with cardiovascular disease (contraindicated in serious cardiovascular disorders), especially coronary artery disease.

• Epilepsy: Use with caution in patients with epilepsy.

• Migraines: Use with caution in patients with migraines.

Other warnings/precautions:

• Appropriate use: Carbetocin induced contractions are of a longer duration than those observed with oxytocin and are not stopped by discontinuation of therapy. Improper use during pregnancy may produce symptoms similar to those observed with oxytocin overdosage (eg, hyperstimulation of uterus with strong or prolonged contractions, tumultuous labor, uterine rupture, cervical and vaginal lacerations, postpartum hemorrhage, utero-placental hypoperfusion and variable deceleration of fetal heart rate, fetal hypoxia, hypercapnia, or death). Therapy should not be repeated if response to initial dose is inadequate; aggressive therapy with alternative agents (eg, oxytocin, ergonovine) should be utilized.

Product Availability

Not available in the US

Dosage Forms: Canada

Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.

Solution, Injection:

Duratocin: 100 mcg/mL (1 mL)

Solution, Intravenous:

Generic: 100 mcg/mL (1 mL)

Administration: Adult

IV: Administer undiluted as bolus IV injection over 1 minute. Following vaginal delivery, administer as soon as possible after delivery of the infant, preferably before delivery of the placenta. Following cesarean section, administer only after delivery of infant has been completed by cesarean section; may administer before or after delivery of placenta.

IM: IM administration may also be used following vaginal delivery only.

Use: Labeled Indications

Note: Not approved in the US.

Postpartum hemorrhage, prevention: Prevention of postpartum hemorrhage by controlling uterine atony.

Metabolism/Transport Effects

None known.

Drug Interactions

Note: Interacting drugs may not be individually listed below if they are part of a group interaction (eg, individual drugs within “CYP3A4 Inducers [Strong]” are NOT listed). For a complete list of drug interactions by individual drug name and detailed management recommendations, use the drug interactions program by clicking on the “Launch drug interactions program” link above.

Alfuzosin: May increase hypotensive effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor

Amifostine: Blood Pressure Lowering Agents may increase hypotensive effects of Amifostine. Management: When used at chemotherapy doses, hold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hours before amifostine administration. If blood pressure lowering therapy cannot be held, do not administer amifostine. Use caution with radiotherapy doses of amifostine. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Amisulpride (Oral): May increase hypotensive effects of Hypotension-Associated Agents. Risk C: Monitor

Amisulpride (Oral): May increase QTc-prolonging effects of QT-prolonging Agents (Moderate Risk). Risk C: Monitor

Antipsychotic Agents (Second Generation [Atypical]): Blood Pressure Lowering Agents may increase hypotensive effects of Antipsychotic Agents (Second Generation [Atypical]). Risk C: Monitor

Arginine: May increase hypotensive effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor

Azithromycin (Systemic): QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of Azithromycin (Systemic). Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

Barbiturates: May increase hypotensive effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor

Benperidol: May increase hypotensive effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor

Blood Pressure Lowering Agents: May increase hypotensive effects of Hypotension-Associated Agents. Risk C: Monitor

Brimonidine (Topical): May increase hypotensive effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor

Bromperidol: May decrease hypotensive effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Blood Pressure Lowering Agents may increase hypotensive effects of Bromperidol. Risk X: Avoid

Carboprost Tromethamine: May increase adverse/toxic effects of Oxytocic Agents. Specifically, oxytocic effects may be enhanced. Risk X: Avoid

Chloroquine: QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of Chloroquine. Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

Clofazimine: QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of Clofazimine. Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

Dabrafenib: QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of Dabrafenib. Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

Diazoxide: May increase hypotensive effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor

Dinoprostone: May increase adverse/toxic effects of Oxytocic Agents. Specifically, the oxytocic effects may be increased. Risk X: Avoid

Domperidone: QT-prolonging Agents (Moderate Risk) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of Domperidone. Risk X: Avoid

DULoxetine: Blood Pressure Lowering Agents may increase hypotensive effects of DULoxetine. Risk C: Monitor

Encorafenib: May increase QTc-prolonging effects of QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk). Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

Fexinidazole: May increase QTc-prolonging effects of QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk). Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

Fluorouracil Products: QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of Fluorouracil Products. Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

Gadobenate Dimeglumine: QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of Gadobenate Dimeglumine. Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

Halofantrine: QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of Halofantrine. Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

Haloperidol: QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of Haloperidol. Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

Herbal Products with Blood Pressure Lowering Effects: May increase hypotensive effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor

Hypotension-Associated Agents: Blood Pressure Lowering Agents may increase hypotensive effects of Hypotension-Associated Agents. Risk C: Monitor

Iloperidone: May increase hypotensive effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor

Inotuzumab Ozogamicin: QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of Inotuzumab Ozogamicin. Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

Levodopa-Foslevodopa: Blood Pressure Lowering Agents may increase hypotensive effects of Levodopa-Foslevodopa. Risk C: Monitor

Levoketoconazole: QT-prolonging Agents (Moderate Risk) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of Levoketoconazole. Risk X: Avoid

Lofexidine: QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of Lofexidine. Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

Lormetazepam: May increase hypotensive effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor

Metergoline: May decrease antihypertensive effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Blood Pressure Lowering Agents may increase orthostatic hypotensive effects of Metergoline. Risk C: Monitor

Midostaurin: QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of Midostaurin. Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

MiSOPROStol: May increase adverse/toxic effects of Oxytocic Agents. Specifically, the oxytocic effects may be increased. Management: The concomitant use of misoprostol with other oxytocic agents is not recommended. If sequential use of oxytocin is necessary, oxytocin should be given at least 4 hours after misoprostol. Risk X: Avoid

Molsidomine: May increase hypotensive effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor

Naftopidil: May increase hypotensive effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor

Nicergoline: May increase hypotensive effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor

Nicorandil: May increase hypotensive effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor

Nitroprusside: Blood Pressure Lowering Agents may increase hypotensive effects of Nitroprusside. Risk C: Monitor

Obinutuzumab: May increase hypotensive effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Management: Consider temporarily withholding blood pressure lowering medications beginning 12 hours prior to obinutuzumab infusion and continuing until 1 hour after the end of the infusion. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

Ondansetron: QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of Ondansetron. Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

Pentamidine (Systemic): QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of Pentamidine (Systemic). Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

Pentoxifylline: May increase hypotensive effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor

Pholcodine: Blood Pressure Lowering Agents may increase hypotensive effects of Pholcodine. Risk C: Monitor

Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors: May increase hypotensive effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor

Pimozide: May increase QTc-prolonging effects of QT-prolonging Agents (Moderate Risk). Risk X: Avoid

Piperaquine: QT-prolonging Agents (Moderate Risk) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of Piperaquine. Risk X: Avoid

Probucol: QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of Probucol. Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

Prostacyclin Analogues: May increase hypotensive effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor

QT-prolonging Agents (Highest Risk): Carbetocin may increase QTc-prolonging effects of QT-prolonging Agents (Highest Risk). Management: Consider alternatives to this drug combination. If combined, monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification

QT-prolonging Antidepressants (Moderate Risk): May increase QTc-prolonging effects of QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk). Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

QT-prolonging Class IC Antiarrhythmics (Moderate Risk): QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of QT-prolonging Class IC Antiarrhythmics (Moderate Risk). Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

QT-Prolonging Inhalational Anesthetics (Moderate Risk): QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of QT-Prolonging Inhalational Anesthetics (Moderate Risk). Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

QT-prolonging Kinase Inhibitors (Moderate Risk): May increase QTc-prolonging effects of QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk). Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk): May increase QTc-prolonging effects of Carbetocin. Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk): May increase QTc-prolonging effects of QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk). QT-prolonging Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk) may increase serum concentration of QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk). Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

QT-prolonging Quinolone Antibiotics (Moderate Risk): QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of QT-prolonging Quinolone Antibiotics (Moderate Risk). Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

QT-prolonging Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate Risk): May increase QTc-prolonging effects of QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk). Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

Quinagolide: May increase hypotensive effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor

Sertindole: May increase QTc-prolonging effects of QT-prolonging Agents (Moderate Risk). Risk X: Avoid

Silodosin: May increase hypotensive effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor

Sulprostone: May increase adverse/toxic effects of Oxytocic Agents. Risk X: Avoid

Thioridazine: QT-prolonging Agents (Moderate Risk) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of Thioridazine. Risk X: Avoid

Toremifene: QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents (Moderate Risk) may increase QTc-prolonging effects of Toremifene. Management: Monitor for QTc interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias when these agents are combined. Patients with additional risk factors for QTc prolongation may be at even higher risk. Risk C: Monitor

Pregnancy Considerations

Carbetocin is indicated for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage following vaginal or cesarean delivery; use prior to delivery is contraindicated.

Carbetocin induced contractions are of a longer duration than those observed with oxytocin and are not stopped by discontinuation of therapy. Improper use during pregnancy may produce symptoms similar to those observed with oxytocin overdosage (eg, hyperstimulation of uterus, uterine rupture).

Breastfeeding Considerations

Carbetocin is present in breast milk.

Carbetocin was detected in the breast milk of 5 healthy breastfeeding women ~7 to 14 weeks postpartum though peak levels observed were 50 times lower than in plasma (Silcox 1993). Exposure to the breastfeeding infant is expected to be minimal and not expected to pose significant health risks as carbetocin in breast milk is rapidly degraded in the GI tract of a breastfeeding infant.

Milk let-down occurred normally in 5 breastfeeding women following a dose of carbetocin 70 mcg IM.

Monitoring Parameters

Heart rate, BP, blood loss, temperature (FIGO [Escobar 2022]).

Mechanism of Action

Binds oxytocin receptors located in uterine smooth muscle producing rhythmic uterine contractions characteristic to deliver, as well as increasing both the frequency of existing contractions and uterine tone. Enhances uterine involution early in postpartum.

Pharmacokinetics (Adult Data Unless Noted)

Onset of action: IV: 1.2 ± 0.5 minutes.

Distribution: Vd: 22 L.

Bioavailability: IM: 77%.

Duration: IV: ~60 minutes; IM: ~120 minutes (Sweeney 1990; WHO 2018).

Half-life elimination: Terminal: IV: 33 minutes; IM: 55 minutes.

Time to peak: IM: 30 minutes (median).

Excretion: IV: Urine (<1%, as unchanged drug).

Brand Names: International
International Brand Names by Country
For country code abbreviations (show table)

  • (AE) United Arab Emirates: Pabal;
  • (AR) Argentina: Duratocin | Laetis;
  • (AT) Austria: Pabal;
  • (AU) Australia: Duratocin;
  • (BE) Belgium: Pabal;
  • (CH) Switzerland: Pabal;
  • (CN) China: Duratocin;
  • (CZ) Czech Republic: Duratocin | Karbetocin avmc;
  • (DE) Germany: Pabal;
  • (EC) Ecuador: Duratocin;
  • (EE) Estonia: Carbetocin auxilia | Pabal;
  • (EG) Egypt: Pabal;
  • (ES) Spain: Duratobal;
  • (FI) Finland: Pabal;
  • (FR) France: Pabal;
  • (GB) United Kingdom: Pabal;
  • (GR) Greece: Pabal;
  • (HU) Hungary: Pabal;
  • (ID) Indonesia: Pabal;
  • (IE) Ireland: Pabal;
  • (IN) India: Carbecin | Carbitex;
  • (IT) Italy: Duratocin;
  • (JO) Jordan: Pabal;
  • (KE) Kenya: Pabal;
  • (KR) Korea, Republic of: Duratocin | Duratocin rts;
  • (KW) Kuwait: Pabal;
  • (LB) Lebanon: Pabal;
  • (LT) Lithuania: Pabal;
  • (LV) Latvia: Pabal;
  • (MX) Mexico: Dankistol | Pisparhem;
  • (MY) Malaysia: Duratocin;
  • (NG) Nigeria: Pabal;
  • (NL) Netherlands: Pabal;
  • (NO) Norway: Pabal;
  • (NZ) New Zealand: Duratocin;
  • (PE) Peru: Duratocin;
  • (PH) Philippines: Duratocin;
  • (PL) Poland: Carbetocin mercapharm | Pabal;
  • (PY) Paraguay: Duratocin;
  • (QA) Qatar: Pabal;
  • (RU) Russian Federation: Pabal;
  • (SA) Saudi Arabia: Pabal;
  • (SE) Sweden: Pabal;
  • (SG) Singapore: Duratocin;
  • (SI) Slovenia: Pabal;
  • (SK) Slovakia: Pabal;
  • (TH) Thailand: Duratocin;
  • (TR) Turkey: Pabal;
  • (TW) Taiwan: Duratocin;
  • (UA) Ukraine: Carbetocinum;
  • (UG) Uganda: Pabal;
  • (UY) Uruguay: Duratocin;
  • (ZA) South Africa: Pabal
  1. Borruto F, Treisser A, and Comparetto C, “Utilization of Carbetocin for Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage After Cesarean Section: A Randomized Clinical Trial,” Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2009, 280(5):707-12. [PubMed 19229549]
  2. Dansereau J, Joshi AK, Helewa ME, et al, “Double-Blind Comparison of Carbetocin Versus Oxytocin in Prevention of Uterine Atony After Cesarean Section,” Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1999, 180(3 Pt 1):670-6. [PubMed 10076146]
  3. Duratocin (carbetocin) prefilled syringe [product monograph]. Mississauga, Ontario, Canada: Juno Pharmaceuticals Corp; September 2023.
  4. Duratocin (carbetocin) vials [product monograph]. North York, Ontario, Canada: Ferring Inc; July 2024.
  5. Escobar MF, Nassar AH, Theron G, et al; FIGO Safe Motherhood and Newborn Health Committee. FIGO recommendations on the management of postpartum hemorrhage 2022. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2022;157(suppl 1):3-50. doi:10.1002/ijgo.14116 [PubMed 35297039]
  6. Robinson D, Basso M, Chan C, Duckitt K, Lett R. Guideline no. 431: postpartum hemorrhage and hemorrhagic shock. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2022;44(12):1293-1310.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jogc.2022.10.002 [PubMed 36567097]
  7. Silcox J, Schulz P, Horbay GL, et al, “Transfer of Carbetocin Into Human Breast Milk,” Obstet Gynecol, 1993, 82(3):456-9. [PubMed 8355953]
  8. Sweeney G, Holbrook AM, Levine M, et. al. Pharmacokinetics of carbetocin, a long-acting oxytocin analogue, in nonpregnant women. Current Therapeutic Research - Clinical and Experimental. 1990;47(3):528-540.
  9. World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Uterotonics for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage. Published 2018. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/277276/9789241550420-eng.pdf?ua=1.
Topic 8562 Version 174.0