Version July 2025
| Erythrocyte transfusion (passive) |
| Delayed clamping of the umbilical cord |
| Uncontrolled or precipitous delivery |
| Intrapartum hypoxia |
| Twin-twin transfusion (occurs in 10 to 15% of monochorionic twin pregnancies) |
| Maternal-fetal transfusion (rare) |
| Increased intrauterine erythropoiesis (active) |
Placental insufficiency
|
Maternal hypoxemia due to cardiac or pulmonary disorders
|
Infant risk factors
|
