Manifestations of gender-based violence

The family

Physical

Murder, battering, genital mutilation, infanticide, deprivation of food, medical care, reproductive coercion/control

Sexual

Rape, incest

Emotional

Confinement, forced marriage, threat of reprisals

The community (social reference)

Physical

Battery, physical chastisement, reproductive coercion/control, pernicious traditional practices

Sexual assault

Rape, harassment

Workplace

Sexual aggression: Harassment, intimidation

Commercialized: Sex trafficking, prostitution

The state

Political

llegitimate detention, forced sterilization, forced pregnancies, tolerating gender violence

Custodial (military/police)

Child soldiers

Rape, torture

Adapted with permission from: United Nations Population Fund Country Technical Services Team (CST). Violence against women: Issues and legislative responses in East and South-East Asia and the Pacific. UNFPA 2000. Updated information from the UNFPA is available at: http://asiapacific.unfpa.org/en/publications/policy-and-programme-guidance-hiv-and-gender-based-violence.

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