Version June 2024
| Head and neck |
| Recurrent otitis media |
| Cholesteatoma |
| Tympanic membrane perforation |
| Eustachian tube dysfunction due to allergy or viral infection |
| Sinusitis |
| Ostiomeatal obstruction |
| Nasal polyps |
| Mucocele |
| Allergic rhinitis |
| Viral infection |
| Inadequate therapy for acute sinusitis |
| Cervical lymphadenitis |
| Unrecognized branchial cleft cyst |
| Inadequately treated dental disease |
| Lungs |
| Bronchopneumonia |
| Smoking |
| Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis |
| Intrinsic airway disorders: |
| Bronchiectasis, foreign body, bronchial stenosis, bronchomalacia, tracheobronchial fistula |
| Recurrent aspiration (alcohol/drug use, seizure disorder) |
| Esophageal disease (gastroesophageal reflux, Zenker's diverticulum, achalasia) |
| Bronchial obstruction (extrinsic versus intrinsic obstruction) |
| Unrecognized cystic fibrosis |
| Unrecognized ciliary dyskinesia |
| Genitourinary tract |
| Cystitis |
| Urinary stasis |
| Incomplete bladder emptying (bladder outlet obstruction, bladder atony/denervation) |
| Compromised perineal hygiene (overactive bladder/urinary incontinence) |
| Diaphragm use |
| Prostatic infection |
| Instrumentation (especially chronic urinary catheter) |
| Pyelonephritis |
| All of the conditions that predispose to cystitis plus: |
| Renal calculi |
| Ureteral obstruction (stone, stricture, malignancy) |
| Ureteral reflux |
| Skin |
| Cellulitis |
| Recurrent trauma (eg, shaving legs, sports-related abrasions) |
| Dermatophyte infection |
| Lymphedema |
| Postoperative lymphatic dysfunction (groin/axillary exploration, lymphadenectomy) |
| Venous insufficiency/vein harvesting for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) |
| Chronic edema (congestive heart failure, hepatic insufficiency, nephrotic syndrome) |
| Prior cellulitis (lymphatic scarring) |
| Obesity |
| Filariasis |
| Poor hygiene |
| Abscess |
| Staphylococcus aureus carriage (methicillin-sensitive or methicillin-resistant), especially with recurrent trauma |
| Autoinoculation (subcutaneous drug injection or "skin popping," factitious) |
| Crohn disease |
| Hidradenitis suppurative (axillary, groin, periareolar) |
| Retained foreign body |
| Central nervous system |
| Meningitis |
| Cranial vault defects (cribriform plate; sinus/mastoid defects; prior neurosurgery/trauma) |
| Chronic mastoid/sinus infection |
| Noninfectious meningitidis: |
| Drug-related |
| Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG)-related |
| Mollaret's meningitis related to craniopharyngioma |
| Neoplastic |
| Autoimmune (Behçet's, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada) |
| Brain abscess |
| Right-to-left circulatory shunting |
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