Patient characteristics | Social circumstances or issues related to anticipatory bereavement |
Limited options for treatment | Limited access to care |
High risk of poor pain control or refractory pain. Risk factors include:
| Familial factors, including:
|
High symptom burden or distress score | Financial limitations |
Intensive care unit admission with multiple complications or need for prolonged ventilator support | Unresolved grief or multiple prior losses |
Physical symptoms other than pain that are refractory to conventional management | Spiritual or existential crisis |
Cognitive impairment | |
Severe or multiple comorbid conditions | |
Communication barriers related to language, literacy, or physical issues | |
Request for hastened death | |
Inability to engage in advance care planning and care plan |
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