Bone turnover markers

Resorption markers

Type I collagen degradation products

Pyridinium crosslinks (PYD and DPD)

C- and N-telopeptides (CTX, ICTP, NTX)

Enzymes

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) 5b*

Cathepsin K

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)

Formation markers

Matrix proteins

Procollagen type I propeptides

C-terminal (PICP)

N-terminal (PINP)*

Osteocalcin (OC)

Enzymes

Bone isoform of alkaline phosphatase (BALP)*

* Not cleared by the kidney.

Source: Leeming DJ, Alexandersen P, Karsdal MA, et al. An update on biomarkers of bone turnover and their utility in biomedical research and clinical practice. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2006; 62:781.

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