Evaluation of suspected acute myelopathy

ADEM: acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; CNS: central nervous system; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; GBS: Guillain-Barré syndrome; IgG: immunoglobulin G; LP: lumbar puncture; MCTD: mixed connective tissue disease; MOG: myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; MS: multiple sclerosis; NMOSD: neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; VZV: varicella-zoster virus.

* Refer to UpToDate text for details.

¶ CNS inflammatory demyelinating disorders including MS, NMOSD, MOG antibody disorders, and ADEM.

Δ Systemic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders including ankylosing spondylitis, Behçet syndrome, sarcoidosis, Sjögren's disease, SLE, and MCTD.

◊ Infectious causes include but are not limited to certain viral (eg, enteroviruses, herpes viruses, VZV), bacterial (eg, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Treponema pallidum), parasitic, and fungal organisms.

Modified with permission from: Berger JR, Cambi F, Di Rocco A, Farace J. Overview to approach to the patient with noncompressive myelopathy. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2005; 11:13. DOI: 10.1212/01.CON.0000293718.40497.96. Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this material is prohibited.

Reference:

Wingerchuk DM, Weinshenker BG. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, transverse myelitis, and neuromyelitis optica. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2013; 19:944.

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Evaluation of suspected acute myelopathy