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خرید پکیج
تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : 3 مورد
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Typical symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in children

Typical symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in children
Hypoglycemia
Autonomic signs and symptoms
Trembling, tremors, or anxiety Note that hypoglycemia does not consistently cause autonomic signs and symptoms, especially in children, individuals with recurrent hypoglycemia, and/or those with "hypoglycemia unawareness."
Hunger
Diaphoresis ("cold sweats")
Pallor
Palpitations
Neuroglycopenic signs and symptoms
Behavior changes (irritability, erratic behavior) These neuroglycopenic signs and symptoms typically indicate moderate or severe hypoglycemia and are usually seen in association with the autonomic signs and symptoms described above (except in patients with hypoglycemia unawareness, who typically do not have autonomic symptoms before development of neuroglycopenic symptoms).
Poor concentration, judgment, or memory; confusion
Lethargy, weakness, difficulty walking
Loss of coordination
Slurred speech
Visual disturbances (blurring, double vision, or disturbed color vision)
Hypothermia
Loss of consciousness, seizure
Hyperglycemia
Increased thirst and urination Note that hyperglycemia cannot be reliably detected by symptoms. Many of these symptoms are nonspecific; others appear only after ketoacidosis develops*.
Fatigue, tiredness, sleepiness
Loss of appetite*
Rapid breathing*
Fruity odor to breath*
Note that hypoglycemia does not consistently cause symptoms, especially in young, preschool-aged children. Exercise may also mask the autonomic symptoms of hypoglycemia. Therefore, blood glucose monitoring should be performed regularly in individuals with type 1 diabetes, regardless of symptoms, and blood glucose should always be checked if any of the above symptoms arise.
* These are symptoms and signs of ketosis/ketoacidosis, rather than hyperglycemia itself.
Data from:
  1. Clarke W, Jones T, Rewers A, et al. Assessment and management of hypoglycemia in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2009; 10 (Suppl 12):134.
  2. Gonder-Frederick LA, Snyder AL, Clarke WL. Accuracy of blood glucose estimation by children with IDDM and their parents. Diabetes Care 1991; 14:565.
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