Version July 2025
| Functional dyspepsia |
| Dyspepsia caused by structural or biochemical disease |
| Peptic ulcer disease |
| Helicobacter pylori gastritis |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| Biliary pain |
| Chronic abdominal wall pain |
| Gastric or esophageal cancer |
| Gastroparesis |
| Pancreatitis |
| Carbohydrate malabsorption |
| Medications (including potassium supplements, digitalis, iron, theophylline, oral antibiotics [especially ampicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline], nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, incretin-based therapies [eg, tirzepatide, semaglutide, liraglutide], glucocorticoids, niacin, gemfibrozil, narcotics, colchicine, quinidine, estrogens, levodopa, vitamin D) |
| Infiltrative diseases of the stomach (eg, Crohn disease, sarcoidosis) |
| Metabolic disturbances (hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia) |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| Ischemic bowel disease, celiac artery compression syndrome, superior mesenteric artery syndrome |
| Systemic disorders (diabetes mellitus, thyroid and parathyroid disorders, connective tissue disease) |
| Intestinal parasites (Giardia, Strongyloides) |
| Abdominal cancer, especially pancreatic cancer |
