Echocardiographic parameters used to estimate right atrial (RA) pressure

Variable	Normal (0 to 5 [3] mmHg)	Intermediate (5 to 10 [8] mmHg)		High (15 mmHg)
IVC diameter	≤2.1 cm	≤2.1 cm	>2.1 cm	>2.1 cm
Collapse with sniff	>50 percent	<50 percent	>50 percent	<50 percent
Secondary indices of elevated RA pressure				Restrictive filling Tricuspid E/E' >6 Diastolic flow predominance in hepatic veins (systolic filling fraction <55 percent)

Ranges are provided for low and intermediate categories, but for simplicity, midrange values of 3 mmHg for normal and 8 mmHg for intermediate are suggested. Intermediate (8 mmHg) RA pressures may be downgraded to normal (3 mmHg) if no secondary indices of elevated RA pressure are present, upgraded to high if minimal collapse with sniff (<35 percent) and secondary indices of elevated RA pressure are present, or left at 8 mmHg if uncertain.

IVC: inferior vena cava; RA: right atrial.

Reproduced from: Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, et al. Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2010; 23:685. Table used with the permission of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Echocardiographic parameters used to estimate right atrial (RA) pressure