Version June 2024
| Agent/occupation | Chest radiograph | Computed tomography |
| Asbestos Asbestos mining, insulation work, brakes, shipbuilding, construction | Pleural Plaques, calcified plaques, effusion, diffuse thickening, malignant mesothelioma Lung parenchymaLower lung predominant, peripheral, fine or coarse, reticular opacities with or without honeycombing. Lower lobe bronchogenic carcinoma. | Pleural Pleural plaques linear or punctate calcifications, or band-like, nodular, or raised appearance. In malignant mesothelioma, circumferential pleural thickening may be nodular. Lung parenchymaLower lung zone, subpleural fibrosis with parenchymal bands, subpleural curvilinear lines, interlobular and intralobular septal thickening, traction bronchiectasis, and honeycombing |
| Beryllium Used in fluorescent light, dental, computer, and aerospace industries | Multiple small rounded opacities that can calcify; upper lobe scarring, volume loss and bullae | Ground-glass opacities early; small nodules in perilymphatic distribution in the interlobular septa and in subpleural location; upper lobe scarring with volume loss and bullae as late manifestations |
| Coal dust Coal miners | Upper lobe predominant, small, rounded, nodular opacities, less than 1 cm in diameter. Progressive massive fibrosis with cavitation when admixed with silica. | Simple Small, rounded centrilobular, and perilymphatic nodules with upper lung zone predominance ComplicatedCoalescence of nodules into large masses with distortion and volume loss creating progressive massive fibrosis |
| Hard metal (cobalt) Diamond polishing, cobalt mining | Small nodular and reticular opacities and small cystic spaces | Ground-glass opacities, consolidation, reticular opacities, and traction bronchiectasis |
| Inert dust pneumoconiosis Welding | High attenuation micronodules and reticular opacities | Centrilobular high attenuation nodules |
| Silica Mining, quarrying, drilling, and sandblasting | Simple Innumerable, sharply marginated, small rounded opacities with upper lung zone predominance ComplicatedConglomerate masses that may have "angel wings" appearance AcuteDiffuse ground glass and consolidative opacities with appearance similar to pulmonary alveolar proteinosis | Simple Multiple small nodules that are subpleural and perilymphatic with upper lobe predominance and sharp margins. Nodules can calcify. ComplicatedCoalescence of nodules leads to progressive massive fibrosis or conglomerate masses >1 cm; pericicatricial emphysema; punctate or eggshell calcifications in hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes AcuteDiffuse ground glass opacities, consolidation, and intralobular septal thickening |
| Talc Ceramics, plastics, rubber, paint, and cosmetic industries | Upper lobe predominant, small, rounded opacities | Small centrilobular and subpleural nodules and conglomerated masses containing focal areas of high attenuation; focal ground glass opacities; relative sparing lung base. |
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