ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻗﺒﻠﯽ
خرید پکیج
تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : 3 مورد
نسخه الکترونیک
medimedia.ir

Carboplatin: Drug information

Carboplatin: Drug information
(For additional information see "Carboplatin: Patient drug information" and see "Carboplatin: Pediatric drug information")

For abbreviations, symbols, and age group definitions used in Lexicomp (show table)
ALERT: US Boxed Warning
Experienced physician:

Carboplatin should be administered under the supervision of a qualified physician experienced in the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Appropriate management of therapy and complications is possible only when adequate treatment facilities are readily available.

Bone marrow suppression:

Bone marrow suppression is dose related and may be severe, resulting in infection or bleeding. Anemia may be cumulative and may require transfusion support.

Vomiting:

Vomiting is a frequent drug-related side effect.

Hypersensitivity reactions:

Anaphylactic-like reactions to carboplatin have been reported and may occur within minutes of carboplatin administration. Epinephrine, corticosteroids, and antihistamines have been employed to alleviate symptoms.

Brand Names: US
  • Paraplatin
Pharmacologic Category
  • Antineoplastic Agent, Alkylating Agent;
  • Antineoplastic Agent, Platinum Analog
Dosing: Adult

Note: Doses for adults are commonly calculated by the Target AUC using the Calvert formula, where Total dose (mg) = Target AUC × (GFR + 25). If estimating GFR for use in the Calvert formula, the FDA recommends that clinicians consider capping estimated GFR at a maximum of 125 mL/minute to avoid potential toxicity. Measured CrCl or GFR is preferred, especially when the intent is curative or if the patient is at extremes of body composition (size or muscle mass) or has an eGFR ≤45 mL/minute/1.73 m2 or >125 mL/minute/1.73 m2 (Ref). Antiemetics may be recommended to prevent nausea and vomiting; carboplatin is associated with a moderate or high emetic potential (dose/AUC dependent) (Ref).

Anal cancer, advanced

Anal cancer, advanced (off-label use): IV: Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 4 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel) for 6 cycles or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Ref) or Target AUC 5 or 6 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel) (Ref).

Bladder cancer

Bladder cancer (off-label use): IV: Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with gemcitabine) for 6 cycles unless disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred; may continue beyond 6 cycles if clinical benefit (Ref) or Target AUC 4.5 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with gemcitabine) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Ref).

First-line carboplatin (in combination with gemcitabine; doses not specified) for 4 to 6 cycles, followed by maintenance avelumab + best supportive care (BSC) significantly prolonged overall survival (compared to BSC alone) in unresectable locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer that had not progressed following the first-line platinum-based chemotherapy (Ref).

Breast cancer, advanced or metastatic

Breast cancer, advanced or metastatic (off-label use): IV: Target AUC 6 on day 2 every 3 weeks (in combination with trastuzumab and paclitaxel) for at least 6 cycles, followed by trastuzumab monotherapy (Ref) or Target AUC 6 on day 1 or day 2 every 3 weeks (in combination with trastuzumab and docetaxel) for 6 or 8 cycles, followed by trastuzumab monotherapy (Ref) or Target AUC 6 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Ref) or Target AUC 2 on days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks (in combination with weekly paclitaxel) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Ref).

Triple-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer: IV: Target AUC 2 on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks (in combination with gemcitabine and pembrolizumab); refer to protocol for details (Ref) or Target AUC 2 on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel [protein bound]) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Ref) or Target AUC 6 (as a single agent) every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Ref) or Target AUC 6 (as a single agent) every 3 weeks for 6 cycles; if responding to and tolerating treatment, may receive an additional 2 cycles per local policy (Ref).

Breast cancer, neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy

Breast cancer, neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy (off-label use):

Triple-negative breast cancer (neoadjuvant): IV: Target AUC 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with weekly paclitaxel) for 4 cycles, followed by 4 cycles of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, followed by surgery (Ref) or Target AUC 6 every 3 weeks (in combination with docetaxel and WBC growth factor support) for 6 cycles (Ref) or either Target AUC 5 every 3 weeks or Target AUC 1.5 on days 1, 8, and 15 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel and pembrolizumab [first neoadjuvant treatment]) for 4 cycles, followed by second neoadjuvant treatment of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy, followed by adjuvant pembrolizumab (Ref).

TCHP regimen (neoadjuvant; HER2-positive): IV: Target AUC 6 every 3 weeks (in combination with trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and docetaxel) for 6 cycles, followed by surgery along with trastuzumab monotherapy to complete 1 year of trastuzumab therapy (Ref).

TCH regimen (adjuvant; HER2-positive): IV: Target AUC 6 every 3 weeks (in combination with docetaxel and trastuzumab) for 6 cycles, followed by trastuzumab monotherapy to complete 52 weeks of therapy (Ref).

Cervical cancer, recurrent or metastatic

Cervical cancer, recurrent or metastatic (off-label use): IV: Target AUC 5 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel) for 6 to 9 cycles (Ref) or Target AUC 5 to 6 on day 1 every 4 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel) for 6 to 9 cycles (Ref) or 400 mg/m2 on day 1 every 28 days (as a single agent) (Ref) or Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 3 weeks on day 1 (in combination with paclitaxel) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Ref) or Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel and bevacizumab) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Ref) or Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with pembrolizumab and paclitaxel [conventional] ± bevacizumab) for 6 cycles; patients could continue chemotherapy beyond 6 cycles if experiencing clinical benefit without unacceptable toxicity; refer to protocol for further information (Ref).

Endometrial cancer, advanced or recurrent

Endometrial cancer, advanced or recurrent (off-label use): IV: Target AUC 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel) for up to 7 cycles (Ref) or Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel and dostarlimab) for 6 cycles, followed by dostarlimab monotherapy until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or for up to 3 years (Ref) or Target AUC 5 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel) for 6 to 9 cycles or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Ref) or Target AUC 2 on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days (in combination with paclitaxel) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Ref) or Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel and bevacizumab) for 6 to 8 cycles, followed by bevacizumab maintenance; refer to protocol for further information (Ref) or (for HER2+ uterine serous cancer) Target AUC 5 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel and trastuzumab) for ~6 cycles, followed by trastuzumab maintenance therapy (Ref).

Esophageal cancer

Esophageal cancer (off-label use): IV: Target AUC 2 once weekly for 5 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel and radiation therapy) prior to surgery (Ref) or Target AUC 5 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel) (Ref).

Gastric cancer

Gastric cancer (off-label use): IV: Target AUC 2 once weekly for 5 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel and concurrent radiation) prior to surgery (Ref) or Target AUC 5 to 6 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel) (Ref).

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, high-risk, refractory

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, high-risk, refractory (off-label use):

Carboplatin/paclitaxel regimen: IV: Target AUC 6 once every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel); continue for 2 treatment cycles after an undetectable hCG level (Ref).

ICE regimen: IV: Target AUC 4 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with ifosfamide, mesna, etoposide and pegfilgrastim or filgrastim); continue for at least 2 treatment cycles after a normal hCG level (Ref).

Head and neck cancer

Head and neck cancer (off-label use): IV: Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with cetuximab) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity or a maximum of 8 cycles (Ref) or Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with cetuximab and fluorouracil) for up to 6 cycles (Ref) or 300 mg/m2 on day 1 every 4 weeks (in combination with fluorouracil) (Ref) or Target AUC 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Ref) or Target AUC 1.5 weekly for 7 weeks (in combination with radiation, following 3 cycles of docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil [TPF] induction therapy [begin carboplatin/radiation therapy 3 to 8 weeks after the start of TPF cycle 3]) (Ref) or Target AUC 5 every 3 weeks (in combination with fluorouracil and pembrolizumab) for 6 cycles, followed by up to 24 months of pembrolizumab monotherapy (Ref).

Hematopoietic cell transplant for metastatic germ cell tumors

Hematopoietic cell transplant for metastatic germ cell tumors (off-label use):

EC regimen: IV: 700 mg/m2/day for 3 days beginning 5 days prior to peripheral cell infusion (in combination with etoposide) for 2 cycles (Ref).

TI-CE regimen: IV: Target AUC 7 to 8 (in combination with etoposide) on days 1 to 3 followed by autologous stem cell support every 21 to 28 days for 3 cycles (cycles 3 to 5). Cycles 1 and 2 consisted of paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and mesna. Refer to protocol for further information (Ref).

Hodgkin lymphoma, relapsed or refractory

Hodgkin lymphoma, relapsed or refractory (off-label use): IV: Target AUC 5 (maximum dose: 800 mg) on day 2 every 2 weeks (in combination with ifosfamide and etoposide) for 2 cycles (Ref) or Target AUC 5 on day 1 (in combination with gemcitabine and dexamethasone) every 3 weeks for up to 4 cycles (Ref).

Malignant pleural mesothelioma

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (off-label use): IV: Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with pemetrexed) (Ref) or Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with pemetrexed) until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or for a maximum of 9 cycles (Ref) or Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with pemetrexed) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Ref).

Melanoma, advanced or metastatic

Melanoma, advanced or metastatic (off-label use; if cytotoxic chemotherapy is indicated): IV: Target AUC 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel) for 4 cycles followed by (if dose not previously reduced) Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel) for up to 6 additional cycles (Ref) or Target AUC 2 on days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel) (Ref).

Merkel cell carcinoma

Merkel cell carcinoma (off-label use): IV: Target AUC 4.5 on day 1 of weeks 1, 4, 7, and 10 (in combination with etoposide and synchronous radiation therapy) (Ref) or Target AUC 2 on day 1 weekly for up to 5 doses (administered concurrently with radiation), followed (beginning 3 weeks after radiation therapy) by carboplatin with a Target AUC of 4.5 on day 1 (in combination with etoposide) every 3 weeks for 3 cycles (Ref).

Neuroendocrine tumors, advanced, atypical or poorly differentiated, nonpulmonary

Neuroendocrine tumors, advanced, atypical or poorly differentiated, nonpulmonary (off-label use): IV: Target AUC 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with etoposide) for 4 to 6 cycles (Ref).

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, relapsed/refractory

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, relapsed/refractory (off-label use): IV: Target AUC 5 (maximum dose: 800 mg) every ~2 weeks for 3 cycles (in combination with rituximab, ifosfamide, and etoposide) (Ref) or Target AUC 5 on day 1 (in combination with gemcitabine and dexamethasone ± rituximab) every 3 weeks for up to 4 cycles (Ref).

Non–small cell lung cancer

Non–small cell lung cancer (off-label use):

Nonsquamous cell histology: IV: Target AUC 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks for 4 to 6 cycles (in combination with atezolizumab, bevacizumab, and paclitaxel) followed by atezolizumab/bevacizumab maintenance therapy (Ref) or Target AUC 6 every 3 weeks for 4 to 6 cycles (in combination with atezolizumab and paclitaxel [protein bound]) followed by atezolizumab maintenance therapy (Ref) or Target AUC 5 or 6 every 3 weeks (in combination with pemetrexed, nivolumab, and ipilimumab) for 2 cycles; nivolumab/ipilimumab therapy continued until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or for up to 2 years in patients without disease progression (Ref) or Target AUC 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with pemetrexed and bevacizumab) for up to 4 cycles followed by maintenance therapy (Ref) or Target AUC 5 every 3 weeks (in combination with pemetrexed and pembrolizumab) for 4 cycles followed by pembrolizumab/pemetrexed maintenance therapy (Ref) or Target AUC 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with bevacizumab and paclitaxel) for 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Ref) or Target AUC 5 or 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with pemetrexed, and durvalumab and tremelimumab) for 4 cycles, followed by tremelimumab (for 1 additional dose), durvalumab, and optional pemetrexed maintenance therapy if eligible; continue durvalumab and pemetrexed until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity; refer to protocol for further information (Ref) or Target AUC 5 or 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with cemiplimab and pemetrexed) for 4 cycles, followed by pemetrexed maintenance therapy and cemiplimab until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, or for up to 108 weeks; refer to protocol for further information (Ref).

Squamous cell histology: IV: Target AUC 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks for 4 cycles (in combination with pembrolizumab and either paclitaxel or paclitaxel [protein bound]) followed by pembrolizumab maintenance therapy (Ref) or Target AUC 6 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel, nivolumab, and ipilimumab) for 2 cycles; nivolumab/ipilimumab therapy continued until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or for up to 2 years in patients without disease progression (Ref) or Target AUC 5 or 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with gemcitabine, and durvalumab and tremelimumab) for 4 cycles, followed by tremelimumab (for 1 additional dose) and durvalumab; continue durvalumab until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity; refer to protocol for further information (Ref).

Nonsquamous or squamous cell histology: IV: Target AUC 5 or 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel [protein bound], and durvalumab and tremelimumab) for 4 cycles, followed by tremelimumab (for 1 additional dose) and durvalumab; continue durvalumab until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity; refer to protocol for further information (Ref) or Target AUC 5 or 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with cemiplimab and paclitaxel) for 4 cycles, followed by cemiplimab until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, or for up to 108 weeks; refer to protocol for further information (Ref) or Target AUC 5 or 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel and nivolumab; neoadjuvant therapy) for up to 3 cycles; refer to protocol for further information (Ref) or Target AUC 6 on day 1 every 4 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel) for up to 4 cycles (Ref) or Target AUC 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel) for 4 cycles (Ref) or Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with pemetrexed or gemcitabine) for up to 4 cycles (Ref) or Target AUC 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel [protein bound]) for at least 6 cycles or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Ref) or Target AUC 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with docetaxel) for at least 6 cycles or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Ref) or Target AUC 2 every week for 7 weeks, then Target AUC 6 every 3 weeks for 2 consolidation cycles (in combination with paclitaxel and radiation therapy) (Ref).

Ovarian cancer, advanced

Ovarian cancer, advanced:

Advanced ovarian cancer (off-label dosing): IV: Target AUC 5 or 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel) for 6 cycles (Ref) or Target AUC 2 once weekly (in combination with weekly paclitaxel) for 18 consecutive weeks (Ref) or Target AUC 5 every 3 weeks (in combination with docetaxel) (Ref) or Target AUC 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with bevacizumab [delayed until cycle 2] and paclitaxel) for up to 6 cycles, followed by bevacizumab monotherapy for a total of up to 22 cycles or until disease progression (whichever occurs earlier) (Ref) or Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 4 weeks (in combination with doxorubicin [liposomal]) for at least 6 cycles (Ref) or Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 4 weeks (in combination with doxorubicin [liposomal] and bevacizumab) for up to 6 cycles, followed by bevacizumab maintenance; refer to protocol for further information (Ref) or Target AUC 4 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with gemcitabine and bevacizumab) for 6 to 10 cycles, followed by bevacizumab maintenance (Ref).

Neoadjuvant therapy (off-label schedule): Note: According to guidelines from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) and American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer, neoadjuvant therapy should be utilized only in properly selected patients. Selection criteria include patients with newly diagnosed suspected stage IIIC or IV ovarian cancer who have a high perioperative risk profile and/or a low likelihood of achieving cytoreduction to <1 cm of residual disease (Ref).

IV: Target AUC 5 or 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (either as a single agent or in combination with paclitaxel) for 3 neoadjuvant cycles, followed by debulking surgery, followed by 3 additional chemotherapy cycles (Ref) or Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel) for 3 neoadjuvant cycles, followed by debulking surgery, followed by 3 additional chemotherapy cycles (Ref) or Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel) for 3 to 4 neoadjuvant cycles, followed by debulking surgery, followed by 2 to 3 additional chemotherapy cycles, for a total of 6 cycles (Ref) or Target AUC 5 or 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel) for a total of 6 cycles, with debulking surgery occurring after cycles 3 to 6 (Ref) or Target AUC 2 on days 1, 8, and 15 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel) for a total of 6 cycles, with debulking surgery occurring after cycles 3 to 6 (Ref).

Malignant germ cell tumor (off-label dosing): IV: 400 mg/m2 on day 1 (in combination with etoposide) every 4 weeks for 3 cycles (Ref).

Manufacturer's labeling: IV: Dosing in the prescribing information may not reflect current clinical practice. 360 mg/m2 every 4 weeks (as a single agent) or 300 mg/m2 every 4 weeks (in combination with cyclophosphamide) for 6 cycles or Target AUC 4 to 6 (single agent; in previously treated patients).

Prostate cancer, metastatic, castration resistant

Prostate cancer, metastatic, castration resistant (off-label use): IV: Target AUC 4 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with cabazitaxel, growth factor support, and prednisone) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity for up to 10 cycles (Ref) or Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with docetaxel) for at least 4 cycles or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Ref) or Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with etoposide) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Ref).

Sarcomas

Sarcomas (Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma) (off-label uses): Adults ≤22 years of age: IV: 400 mg/m2/day for 2 days every 21 days (in combination with ifosfamide and etoposide) (Ref).

Small cell lung cancer

Small cell lung cancer (off-label use):

Extensive stage disease: IV: Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with etoposide) for up to 6 cycles (Ref) or Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with irinotecan) for up to 4 cycles (Ref) or Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 28 days (in combination with irinotecan) for 2 to 6 cycles (Ref) or Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with etoposide and atezolizumab) for 4 induction cycles, followed by atezolizumab maintenance therapy (Ref) or Target AUC 5 or 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with etoposide and durvalumab) for 4 cycles, followed by durvalumab maintenance therapy until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Ref).

Limited stage disease: IV: Target AUC 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with etoposide) for up to 6 cycles (Ref).

Relapsed disease (diagnosed initially as limited or extensive stage): IV: Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with etoposide) for a maximum of 6 cycles (Ref).

Testicular cancer, early stage, adjuvant treatment

Testicular cancer, early stage, adjuvant treatment (off-label use): IV: Target AUC 7 as a single, one-time dose (Ref).

Thymoma or thymic malignancies, advanced

Thymoma or thymic malignancies, advanced (off-label use): IV: Target AUC 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel) for up to 6 cycles (Ref).

Thyroid carcinoma, anaplastic

Thyroid carcinoma, anaplastic (off-label use):

Adjuvant or radiosensitizing therapy: IV: Target AUC 2 once weekly (in combination with weekly paclitaxel) (Ref).

Advanced or metastatic disease: IV: Target AUC 5 to 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel) for 6 cycles (Ref) or Target AUC 2 once weekly (in combination with weekly paclitaxel) (Ref).

Unknown primary cancer

Unknown primary cancer (off-label use): IV: Target AUC 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel) for up to 8 cycles (Ref) or Target AUC 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with docetaxel) for up to 8 cycles (Ref) or Target AUC 6 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with paclitaxel and etoposide) for 2 to 4 cycles, followed by paclitaxel monotherapy (in patients with objective response or stable disease) (Ref), or for a minimum of 4 and a maximum of 6 cycles (Ref) or Target AUC 5 on day 1 every 4 weeks (in combination with irinotecan) for up to 6 cycles (Ref).

Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.

Dosing: Kidney Impairment: Adult

The renal dosing recommendations are based upon the best available evidence and clinical expertise. Senior Editorial Team: Kenar D. Jhaveri, MD; Bruce Mueller, PharmD, FCCP, FASN, FNKF; Jason A. Roberts, PhD, BPharm (Hons), B App Sc, FSHP, FISAC; Michael Heung, MD, MS.

Note: The Calvert formula, where Total dose (mg) = Target AUC × (GFR + 25), is prospectively validated to yield AUC that correlates with kidney function and acceptable hematologic toxicity (Ref).

Altered kidney function:

Formula-based dosing:

IV: Target the usual indication-specific AUC using the Calvert formula (Ref)

Note: Some studies suggest that the CKD-EPI equation (with the BSA adjusted so that kidney function is estimated in mL/minute) estimates kidney function for the Calvert equation more accurately than Cockcroft-Gault (Ref). Measured GFR is preferred, especially when the intent is curative or if the patient is at extremes of body composition (size or muscle mass) or has an eGFR ≤45 mL/minute/1.73 m2 or >125 mL/minute/1.73 m2 (Ref).

Manufacturer's labeling (single-agent therapy):

When the usual recommended dose is: IV: 360 mg/m2 every 4 weeks:

Baseline CrCl ≥60 mL/minute: IV: No dosage adjustment necessary.

Baseline CrCl 41 to 59 mL/minute: IV: Initiate at 250 mg/m2 and adjust subsequent doses based on bone marrow toxicity.

Baseline CrCl 16 to 40 mL/minute: IV: Initiate at 200 mg/m2 and adjust subsequent doses based on bone marrow toxicity.

Baseline CrCl ≤15 mL/minute: IV: There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling.

Augmented renal clearance (measured urinary CrCl ≥125 mL/minute/1.73 m2):

Note: Augmented renal clearance (ARC) is a condition that occurs in certain critically ill patients without organ dysfunction and with normal serum creatinine concentrations. Young patients (<55 years of age) admitted post-trauma or major surgery are at highest risk for ARC, as well as those with sepsis, burns, or hematologic malignancies. Measured CrCl or GFR is necessary to identify these patients (Ref).

IV: Target the usual indication-specific AUC using the Calvert formula (Ref). In patients with augmented kidney function, as confirmed by a measured GFR or CrCl, capping CrCl or total dose per AUC is not recommended as it could lead to underdosing (Ref).

Hemodialysis, intermittent (thrice weekly): Dialyzable; extraction ratio of 61% to 82% (Ref)

Note: Case reports describe successful use of carboplatin (AUC within 20% of target AUC value) using the Calvert formula and a GFR of 0 mL/minute (Ref).

IV: Target the usual indication-specific AUC using the Calvert formula with a GFR of 0 mL/minute; hemodialysis should occur between 12 to 24 hours after carboplatin dose (Ref).

Peritoneal dialysis: Dialyzable; 14% to 20% (Ref):

IV: Target the usual indication-specific AUC using the Calvert formula with a measured GFR for those with residual kidney function or a GFR of 0 mL/minute for patients without significant residual kidney function (Ref).

CRRT:

Note: Drug clearance is dependent on the effluent flow rate, filter type, and method of renal replacement. Appropriate dosing requires consideration of adequate drug concentrations. The molecular weight of carboplatin is conducive to filtration by CRRT systems. Carboplatin distribution is not influenced by plasma proteins for approximately 6 hours following administration, after which free platinum (active constituent) progressively and irreversibly binds plasma proteins which undergo nonrenal elimination (Ref).

IV: Target the usual indication-specific AUC using the Calvert formula with empiric GFR values based on institutional specific effluent flow rates for CRRT system. For example, if effluent flow rate is 2,000 mL/hr (33 mL/minute) then use Total dose (mg) = Target AUC × (33 + 25) (Ref).

Dosing: Hepatic Impairment: Adult

There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling; however, carboplatin undergoes minimal hepatic metabolism therefore dosage adjustment may not be needed.

Dosing: Obesity: Adult

American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines for appropriate systemic therapy dosing in adults with cancer with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (excludes hematopoietic cell transplantation dosing): For BSA- or weight-based dosing, utilize patient's actual body weight for calculation of dosing; manage regimen-related toxicities in the same manner as for patients with a BMI <30 kg/m2; if a dose reduction is utilized due to toxicity, may consider resumption of full, weight-based dosing (or previously tolerated dose level) with subsequent cycles, only if dose escalations are allowed in the prescribing information, if contributing underlying factors (eg, hepatic or renal impairment) are resolved, AND if performance status has markedly improved or is considered adequate (Ref).

AUC-based dosing: In patients with gynecologic malignancies with a BMI <25 kg/m2, the Gynecologic Oncology Group recommends utilizing actual body weight (at baseline) for calculation of creatinine clearance when using the Calvert formula to determine the carboplatin dose; for patients with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2, an adjusted body weight should be used. Independent of BMI, if the serum creatinine is <0.7 mg/dL, a minimum value of 0.7 mg/dL should be used (Ref). For patients with other malignancies, dosing based on GFR should be considered in patients with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 and GFR should not exceed 125 mL/minute (Ref).

American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation practice guideline committee position statement on chemotherapy dosing in obesity: Utilize actual body weight (full weight) for calculation of BSA (when applicable) in carboplatin dosing for hematopoietic cell transplant conditioning regimens in adults. Based on the literature, there is no consensus for carboplatin dosing based on AUC in transplant conditioning regimens or dosing adjustments during transplant for obese patients (Ref).

Dosing: Adjustment for Toxicity: Adult

Also refer to protocol and/or study reference for specific dosage adjustment details.

Hematologic toxicity: In general, single-agent carboplatin cycles should be delayed until WBC and platelet counts have recovered.

Platelets <50,000 cells/mm3 or ANC <500 cells/mm3: Administer 75% of the usual dose.

Dosing: Older Adult

The Calvert formula should be used to calculate dosing for elderly patients. Refer to adult dosing.

Dosing: Pediatric

(For additional information see "Carboplatin: Pediatric drug information")

Note: Dosing and frequency may vary by protocol and/or treatment phase; refer to specific protocol. In pediatric patients, dosing may be based on either BSA (mg/m2), weight (mg/kg), or a modified Calvert formula calculation (mg); use extra precaution to verify dosing parameters and units of GFR/estimated CrCl during calculations, as errors can lead to significant over/under dosing. Some protocols suggest weight or age cut-offs for weight-based (mg/kg) dosing; refer to specific protocol. Carboplatin is associated with a high emetic potential in pediatric patients (Ref); antiemetics are recommended to prevent nausea and vomiting.

Calvert Formula, modified: Limited data available; multiple formulas have been used; formula may be protocol-specific (Ref): Some protocols may calculate pediatric carboplatin doses using one of the following modified Calvert formulas:

Modified Calvert Formulas

Target AUC: Protocol specific dependent upon indication; value presented in terms of mg/mL and minute units (eg, mg/mL/minute or mg/mL•minute are frequently reported).

Note: Ensure appropriate GFR valueA is used for calculation and resulting carboplatin dose (mg or mg/m2) units.

Newell formula

(Newell 1993)

Total dose (mg) = Target AUC x [uncorrected or raw GFR (mL/minute) + (0.36 x kg body weight)]

Mann/Pein formula

(Mann 1998; Mann 2000; Pein 1998)

Total dose (mg) = Target AUC x [uncorrected or raw GFR (mL/minute) + (15 x BSA(m2))]

Marina/St. Jude formulaB

(Allen 2010; Marina 1993)

Dose (mg/m2) = Target AUC x [(0.93 x corrected GFR normalized to patient’s BSA (mL/minute/m2 )) + 15]

AGFR definitions:

Raw GFR = uncorrected GFR = mL/minute

Normalized GFR = corrected GFR = mL/minute/1.73 m2

BMarina/St. Jude formula: Uses a corrected GFR normalized to patient’s BSA (mL/minute/m2); converting GFR to this may be done as follows:

Corrected GFR (mL/minute/1.73 m2)/1.73 = GFR (mL/minute/m2)

Uncorrected GFR (mL/minute)/patient’s BSA = GFR (mL/minute/m2)

Note: Calvert formula was based on using chromic edetate (51Cr-EDTA) plasma clearance to establish GFR. This or 99mTc- DTPA nuclear medicine GFR study is preferred over estimating CrCl per Schwartz equation as CrCl theoretically exceeds measured GFR by >12% in subjects with normal renal function (Ref) (see Warnings/Precautions for additional information).

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT): Limited data available:

Cohen 2015: Consolidation with myeloablative chemotherapy: Infants ≥6 months and Children ≤3 years: IV: 17 mg/kg over 2 hours on days 0 and 1 of a 21-day cycle in combination with thiotepa for 3 cycles.

Gilheeney 2010, Kushner 2001: Myeloablative: Children and Adolescents: IV: ~500 mg/m2 over 4 hours for 3 doses on days -5 to -3; dosing utilized Calvert formula with a target AUC=7 in combination regimen with thiotepa and topotecan.

Spreafico 2008: Consolidation after reinduction chemo (relapsed Wilms Tumor): Children <12 years: IV: 200 mg/m2 for 4 doses on days -6 to -3 in combination with melphalan and etoposide.

Glioma

Glioma: Limited data available (Ref): Infants ≥3 months, Children, and Adolescents:

Induction: IV: 175 mg/m2 once weekly for 4 weeks every 6 weeks (2-week recovery period between courses) in combination with vincristine for 2 cycles

Maintenance: IV: 175 mg/m2 weekly for 4 weeks, with a 3-week recovery period between courses in combination with vincristine for ≤12 cycles

Neuroblastoma, localized and unresectable

Neuroblastoma, localized and unresectable: Limited data available:

Infants: IV: 6.6 mg/kg on days 1, 2, and 3 in combinations with etoposide for 2 cycles (CE regimen), followed by cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine (CAdO regimen) (Ref).

Children <10 kg: IV: 100 to 140 mg/m2/day on days 1, 2, and 3 every 21 days in combination with etoposide for 2 cycles (CE regimen), followed by cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine (CAdO regimen) (Ref).

Children ≥10 kg and Adolescents: IV: 200 mg/m2/day on days 1, 2, and 3 every 21 days in combination with etoposide for 2 cycles (CE regimen), followed by cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine (CAdO regimen) (Ref).

Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma: Limited data available:

Rodriguez-Galindo 2003: Infants and Children:

GFR ≥50 mL/minute/m2: IV: 560 mg/m2 in combination with vincristine every 21 days for 8 cycles

GFR <50 mL/minute/m2: IV: Dosing utilized modified Calvert formula with a target AUC=6.5 in combination regimen with vincristine every 21 days for 8 cycles

Friedman 2000:

Infants and Children ≤3 years: IV: 18.6 mg/kg on day 0 every 28 days in combination with etoposide and vincristine for 6 cycles (VEC regimen)

Children >3 years: IV: 560 mg/m2 on day 0 every 28 days in combination with etoposide and vincristine for 6 cycles (VEC regimen)

Sarcomas; Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma

Sarcomas; Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma: Children and Adolescents: IV: 400 mg/m2/day for 2 days every 21 days in combination with ifosfamide and etoposide (ICE regimen) (Ref).

Wilms tumor, relapsed/refractory

Wilms tumor, relapsed/refractory:

Abu-Ghosh 2002; Daw 2009: Children and Adolescents: IV: 400 mg/m2/day for 2 days or modified Calvert using Marina/St. Jude formula with a target AUC=6 for 1 day in combination with ifosfamide and etoposide every 21 days (ICE regimen)

Spreafico 2008: Reinduction prior to autologous stem cell rescue: Children <12 years: IV: 600 mg/m2 for 1 dose in combination with ifosfamide and etoposide

Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.

Dosing adjustment for toxicity: The presented dosing adjustments are based on experience in adult patients; specific recommendations for pediatric patients are limited. Refer to specific protocol for management in pediatric patients if available.

Adult: Post-treatment nadir: Platelets <50,000 cells/mm3 or ANC <500 cells/mm3: Administer 75% of dose

Dosing: Kidney Impairment: Pediatric

Infants, Children, and Adolescents: The following dosage adjustments have been recommended (Ref):

GFR >50 mL/minute/1.73 m2: No dosage adjustment necessary

GFR ≤50 mL/minute/1.73 m2: Use modified Calvert formula (see protocol for specific details) incorporating patient's GFR

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT): Use modified Calvert formula (see protocol for specific details) incorporating GFR of 33 mL/minute

Hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis: Use modified Calvert formula (see protocol for specific details) incorporating GFR <10 mL/minute

Dosing: Hepatic Impairment: Pediatric

There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling; however, carboplatin undergoes minimal hepatic metabolism; dosage adjustment may not be needed.

Adverse Reactions

The following adverse drug reactions and incidences are derived from product labeling unless otherwise specified. Adverse reactions reported in adults.

>10%:

Endocrine & metabolic: Decreased serum calcium (22% to 31%), decreased serum magnesium (29% to 43%), decreased serum potassium (20% to 28%), decreased serum sodium (29% to 47%)

Gastrointestinal: Gastrointestinal pain (17%), nausea (10% to 15%), nausea and vomiting (92%), vomiting (65% to 81%; severe vomiting: 22%)

Hematologic & oncologic: Anemia (21% to 90%), leukopenia (15% to 85%), neutropenia (16% to 67%), thrombocytopenia (25% to 62%)

Hepatic: Increased serum alkaline phosphatase (24% to 37%), increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (15% to 19%)

Nervous system: Asthenia (11%), pain (23%)

Renal: Decreased creatinine clearance (27%), increased blood urea nitrogen (14% to 22%)

1% to 10%:

Dermatologic: Alopecia (2% to 3%)

Gastrointestinal: Constipation (6%), diarrhea (6%), dysgeusia (1%), stomatitis (1%)

Hematologic & oncologic: Hemorrhage (5%; including iatrogenic bleeding)

Hepatic: Increased serum bilirubin (5%)

Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity reaction (2%)

Infection: Infection (5%)

Nervous system: Neurotoxicity (5%), peripheral neuropathy (4% to 6%)

Ophthalmic: Visual disturbance (1%)

Otic: Ototoxicity (1%)

Renal: Increased serum creatinine (6% to 10%)

Postmarketing:

Cardiovascular: Hypertension

Endocrine & metabolic: Dehydration

Gastrointestinal: Anorexia

Hematologic & oncologic: Febrile neutropenia, hemolytic-uremic syndrome

Hypersensitivity: Anaphylaxis (Horita 2021)

Local: Injection site reaction (erythema at injection site, pain at the infection site, swelling at injection site)

Nervous system: Malaise

Ophthalmic: Papilledema (hemorrhagic) (Santos-Bueso 2019)

Renal: Acute interstitial nephritis (Asai 2020)

Contraindications

History of severe allergic reaction to carboplatin, cisplatin, other platinum-containing formulations, or any component of the formulation; should not be used in patients with severe bone marrow depression or significant bleeding.

Canadian labeling: Additional contraindications (not in the US labeling): Preexisting severe renal impairment.

Warnings/Precautions

Concerns related to adverse effects:

• Bone marrow suppression: Bone marrow suppression, which may be severe, is dose related; may result in infection (due to neutropenia) or bleeding (due to thrombocytopenia). Anemia (which is cumulative) may require blood transfusion. The median nadir typically occurs at day 21 for single-agent carboplatin. Patients who have received prior myelosuppressive therapy and patients with renal dysfunction are at increased risk for bone marrow suppression.

• GI toxicity: Nausea and vomiting may occur; antiemetics may be recommended to prevent nausea and vomiting. Nausea and vomiting may be more severe in patients who have received prior emetogenic chemotherapy.

• Hepatic function abnormalities: High doses (>4 times the recommended dose) have resulted in severe abnormalities of LFTs.

• Hypersensitivity/anaphylactoid reactions: Anaphylactic-like reactions have been reported with carboplatin; may occur within minutes of administration. Epinephrine, corticosteroids, and antihistamines have been used to treat symptoms. The risk of allergic reactions (including anaphylaxis) is increased in patients previously exposed to platinum therapy. Skin testing and desensitization protocols have been reported (Confina-Cohen 2005; Lee 2004; Markman 2003).

• Neurotoxicity: Although peripheral neuropathy occurs infrequently, the incidence of peripheral neuropathy is increased in patients >65 years of age and those who have previously received cisplatin treatment.

• Ototoxicity: Ototoxicity may occur when administered concomitantly with aminoglycosides. Clinically significant hearing loss has been reported to occur in pediatric patients when therapy was administered at higher-than-recommended doses in combination with other ototoxic agents (eg, aminoglycosides). In a study of children receiving carboplatin for the treatment of retinoblastoma, those <6 months of age at treatment initiation were more likely to experience ototoxicity; long-term audiology monitoring is recommended (Qaddoumi 2012).

• Renal toxicity: Carboplatin has a limited potential for nephrotoxicity unless administered concomitantly with aminoglycosides. Use caution with concomitant administration with aminoglycosides or other nephrotoxic medications.

• Vision loss: Loss of vision (usually reversible within weeks of discontinuing) has been reported with higher-than-recommended doses.

Disease-related concerns:

• Renal impairment: Patients with renal dysfunction are at increased risk for bone marrow suppression.

Concurrent drug therapy issues:

• Taxane derivatives: When administered as sequential infusions, taxane derivatives (docetaxel, paclitaxel) should be administered before the platinum derivatives (carboplatin, cisplatin) to limit myelosuppression and to enhance efficacy.

Special populations:

• Older adult: Patients >65 years of age are more likely to develop thrombocytopenia (severe) and peripheral neuropathy.

Other warnings/precautions:

• Dosing with Calvert formula: When calculating the carboplatin dose using the Calvert formula and an eGFR, the laboratory method used to measure serum creatinine may impact dosing. Compared to other methods, standardized isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) may underestimate serum creatinine values in patients with low creatinine values (eg, ≤0.7 mg/dL) and may overestimate GFR in patients with normal renal function. This may result in higher calculated carboplatin doses and increased toxicities. If using IDMS, the FDA recommends that clinicians consider capping estimated GFR at a maximum of 125 mL/minute to avoid potential toxicity.

Warnings: Additional Pediatric Considerations

Ototoxicity has been reported with platinum-based (ie, cisplatin and carboplatin) chemotherapy; the reported incidence in pediatric patients with cisplatin is 13% to 95% and is highly variable due to different assessment tools, which also affects reported severity levels and risk factor determination. In a multicenter trial of 333 patients (mean age: 4 years; range: 0.3 to 29 years; 80% of patients were <5 years at time of diagnosis) treated for high-risk neuroblastoma with cisplatin induction therapy followed by an HSCT myeloablative regimen which included carboplatin in some patients (ie, multiple-exposure), audiological evaluations (including baseline) were completed using multiple assessment tools. At the time of evaluation, the majority of patients were <5 years of age at time of initial exposure and results showed some degree of hearing loss in ≥64% of patients following single exposure (cisplatin induction) and >80% of those with multiple-exposure (cisplatin induction plus carboplatin myeloablation) regardless of grading scale. Overall, the hearing loss was graded as moderate or severe in 41% to 85% of patients depending on the scale with a higher incidence (66% to 85%) in those with who received both cisplatin induction and carboplatin myeloablation; >50% required a hearing aid (Landier 2014).

Dosage Forms: US

Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling. [DSC] = Discontinued product

Solution, Intravenous:

Generic: 50 mg/5 mL (5 mL); 150 mg/15 mL (15 mL); 450 mg/45 mL (45 mL); 600 mg/60 mL (60 mL)

Solution, Intravenous [preservative free]:

Paraplatin: 50 mg/5 mL (5 mL [DSC]); 150 mg/15 mL (15 mL [DSC]); 450 mg/45 mL (45 mL [DSC]); 600 mg/60 mL (60 mL [DSC]); 1000 mg/100 mL (100 mL) [pyrogen free]

Generic: 50 mg/5 mL (5 mL); 150 mg/15 mL (15 mL); 450 mg/45 mL (45 mL); 600 mg/60 mL (60 mL)

Generic Equivalent Available: US

Yes

Pricing: US

Solution (CARBOplatin Intravenous)

50 mg/5 mL (per mL): $1.98 - $3.22

150 mg/15 mL (per mL): $1.68 - $2.18

450 mg/45 mL (per mL): $1.14 - $5.39

600 mg/60 mL (per mL): $1.00 - $5.80

Solution (Paraplatin Intravenous)

1000 mg/100 mL (per mL): $1.41

Disclaimer: A representative AWP (Average Wholesale Price) price or price range is provided as reference price only. A range is provided when more than one manufacturer's AWP price is available and uses the low and high price reported by the manufacturers to determine the range. The pricing data should be used for benchmarking purposes only, and as such should not be used alone to set or adjudicate any prices for reimbursement or purchasing functions or considered to be an exact price for a single product and/or manufacturer. Medi-Span expressly disclaims all warranties of any kind or nature, whether express or implied, and assumes no liability with respect to accuracy of price or price range data published in its solutions. In no event shall Medi-Span be liable for special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages arising from use of price or price range data. Pricing data is updated monthly.

Dosage Forms: Canada

Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.

Solution, Injection:

Generic: 10 mg/mL (5 mL, 15 mL, 45 mL, 60 mL)

Administration: Adult

Antiemetics may be recommended to prevent nausea and vomiting; depending on the dose, carboplatin is associated with a moderate or high emetic potential in adults (Ref).

IV: Infuse over at least 15 minutes; usually infused over 15 to 60 minutes, although some protocols may require infusions up to 24 hours. When administered as a part of a combination chemotherapy regimen, sequence of administration may vary by regimen; refer to specific protocol for sequence recommendation.

Needles or IV administration sets that contain aluminum should not be used in the preparation or administration of carboplatin; aluminum can react with carboplatin resulting in precipitate formation and loss of potency.

Administration: Pediatric

Carboplatin is associated with a high emetic potential in pediatric patients (Ref); antiemetics are recommended to prevent nausea and vomiting.

Parenteral: Note: Needles or IV administration sets that contain aluminum should not be used in the preparation or administration of carboplatin; aluminum can react with carboplatin resulting in precipitate formation and loss of potency.

IV: Administer over 15 to 60 minutes although some protocols may require infusions up to 24 hours. When administered as a part of a combination chemotherapy regimen, sequence of administration may vary by regimen; refer to specific protocol for sequence recommendation.

Hazardous Drugs Handling Considerations

Hazardous agent (NIOSH 2016 [group 1]).

Use appropriate precautions for receiving, handling, storage, preparation, dispensing, transporting, administration, and disposal. Follow NIOSH and USP 800 recommendations and institution-specific policies/procedures for appropriate containment strategy (NIOSH 2016; USP-NF 2020).

Use: Labeled Indications

Ovarian cancer, advanced: Initial treatment of advanced ovarian cancer in combination with other established chemotherapy agents; palliative treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer after prior chemotherapy, including cisplatin-based treatment.

Use: Off-Label: Adult

Anal cancer (advanced); Bladder cancer; Breast cancer (advanced or metastatic); Breast cancer (neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy); Cervical cancer (recurrent or metastatic); Endometrial cancer (advanced or recurrent); Esophageal cancer; Gastric cancer; Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, high-risk, refractory; Head and neck cancer; Hematopoietic cell transplant for metastatic germ cell tumors; Hodgkin lymphoma (relapsed or refractory); Malignant pleural mesothelioma; Melanoma (advanced or metastatic); Merkel cell carcinoma; Neuroendocrine tumors, advanced, atypical or poorly differentiated (nonpulmonary); Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (relapsed or refractory); Non–small cell lung cancer; Prostate cancer, castration-resistant, metastatic; Sarcomas (Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma); Small cell lung cancer; Testicular cancer (early stage, adjuvant therapy); Thymoma or thymic malignancies, advanced; Thyroid carcinoma (anaplastic); Unknown primary cancer

Medication Safety Issues
Sound-alike/look-alike issues:

CARBOplatin may be confused with CISplatin, oxaliplatin

Paraplatin may be confused with Platinol

High alert medication:

This medication is in a class the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) includes among its list of drug classes which have a heightened risk of causing significant patient harm when used in error.

Metabolism/Transport Effects

None known.

Drug Interactions

Note: Interacting drugs may not be individually listed below if they are part of a group interaction (eg, individual drugs within “CYP3A4 Inducers [Strong]” are NOT listed). For a complete list of drug interactions by individual drug name and detailed management recommendations, use the Lexicomp drug interactions program by clicking on the “Launch drug interactions program” link above.

5-Aminosalicylic Acid Derivatives: May enhance the myelosuppressive effect of Myelosuppressive Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Abrocitinib: May enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy). Risk X: Avoid combination

Aminoglycosides: CARBOplatin may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Aminoglycosides may enhance the ototoxic effect of CARBOplatin. Especially with higher doses of carboplatin. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Antithymocyte Globulin (Equine): Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Antithymocyte Globulin (Equine). Specifically, these effects may be unmasked if the dose of cytotoxic chemotherapy is reduced. Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Antithymocyte Globulin (Equine). Specifically, infections may occur with greater severity and/or atypical presentations. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Baricitinib: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Baricitinib. Risk X: Avoid combination

BCG (Intravesical): Myelosuppressive Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of BCG (Intravesical). Risk X: Avoid combination

BCG Products: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of BCG Products. Specifically, the risk of vaccine-associated infection may be increased. Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may diminish the therapeutic effect of BCG Products. Risk X: Avoid combination

Bexarotene (Systemic): CARBOplatin may increase the serum concentration of Bexarotene (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy

Brincidofovir: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Brincidofovir. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Brivudine: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy). Risk X: Avoid combination

Capecitabine: CARBOplatin may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Capecitabine. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Chikungunya Vaccine (Live): Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Chikungunya Vaccine (Live). Specifically, the risk of vaccine-associated infection may be increased. Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Chikungunya Vaccine (Live). Risk X: Avoid combination

Chloramphenicol (Ophthalmic): May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Myelosuppressive Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Chloramphenicol (Systemic): Myelosuppressive Agents may enhance the myelosuppressive effect of Chloramphenicol (Systemic). Risk X: Avoid combination

Cladribine: May enhance the myelosuppressive effect of Myelosuppressive Agents. Risk X: Avoid combination

Cladribine: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Cladribine. Risk X: Avoid combination

CloZAPine: Myelosuppressive Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of CloZAPine. Specifically, the risk for neutropenia may be increased. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Coccidioides immitis Skin Test: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may diminish the diagnostic effect of Coccidioides immitis Skin Test. Management: Consider discontinuing cytotoxic chemotherapy several weeks prior to coccidioides immitis skin antigen testing to increase the likelihood of accurate diagnostic results. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

COVID-19 Vaccine (Adenovirus Vector): Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may diminish the therapeutic effect of COVID-19 Vaccine (Adenovirus Vector). Management: Administer a 2nd dose using an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (at least 4 weeks after the primary vaccine dose) and a bivalent booster dose (at least 2 months after the additional mRNA dose or any other boosters). Risk D: Consider therapy modification

COVID-19 Vaccine (Inactivated Virus): Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may diminish the therapeutic effect of COVID-19 Vaccine (Inactivated Virus). Risk C: Monitor therapy

COVID-19 Vaccine (mRNA): Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may diminish the therapeutic effect of COVID-19 Vaccine (mRNA). Management: Give a 3-dose primary series for all patients aged 6 months and older taking immunosuppressive medications or therapies. Booster doses are recommended for certain age groups. See CDC guidance for details. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

COVID-19 Vaccine (Subunit): Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may diminish the therapeutic effect of COVID-19 Vaccine (Subunit). Risk C: Monitor therapy

COVID-19 Vaccine (Virus-like Particles): Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may diminish the therapeutic effect of COVID-19 Vaccine (Virus-like Particles). Risk C: Monitor therapy

Deferiprone: Myelosuppressive Agents may enhance the neutropenic effect of Deferiprone. Management: Avoid the concomitant use of deferiprone and myelosuppressive agents whenever possible. If this combination cannot be avoided, monitor the absolute neutrophil count more closely. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Dengue Tetravalent Vaccine (Live): Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Dengue Tetravalent Vaccine (Live). Specifically, the risk of vaccine-associated infection may be increased. Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Dengue Tetravalent Vaccine (Live). Risk X: Avoid combination

Denosumab: May enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy). Management: Consider the risk of serious infections versus the potential benefits of coadministration of denosumab and cytotoxic chemotherapy. If combined, monitor patients for signs/symptoms of serious infections. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Desmopressin: Hyponatremia-Associated Agents may enhance the hyponatremic effect of Desmopressin. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Deucravacitinib: May enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy). Risk X: Avoid combination

Dipyrone: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Myelosuppressive Agents. Specifically, the risk for agranulocytosis and pancytopenia may be increased Risk X: Avoid combination

Etrasimod: May enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy). Risk X: Avoid combination

Fexinidazole: Myelosuppressive Agents may enhance the myelosuppressive effect of Fexinidazole. Risk X: Avoid combination

Filgotinib: May enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy). Risk X: Avoid combination

Fosphenytoin-Phenytoin: Platinum Derivatives may decrease the serum concentration of Fosphenytoin-Phenytoin. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Inebilizumab: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Inebilizumab. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Influenza Virus Vaccines: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Influenza Virus Vaccines. Management: Administer influenza vaccines at least 2 weeks prior to initiating chemotherapy if possible. If vaccination occurs less than 2 weeks prior to or during chemotherapy, revaccinate at least 3 months after therapy discontinued if immune competence restored. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Leflunomide: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Leflunomide. Management: Increase the frequency of chronic monitoring of platelet, white blood cell count, and hemoglobin or hematocrit to monthly, instead of every 6 to 8 weeks, if leflunomide is coadministered with immunosuppressive agents, such as cytotoxic chemotherapy. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Lenograstim: Antineoplastic Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of Lenograstim. Management: Avoid the use of lenograstim 24 hours before until 24 hours after the completion of myelosuppressive cytotoxic chemotherapy. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Lipegfilgrastim: Antineoplastic Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of Lipegfilgrastim. Management: Avoid concomitant use of lipegfilgrastim and myelosuppressive cytotoxic chemotherapy. Lipegfilgrastim should be administered at least 24 hours after the completion of myelosuppressive cytotoxic chemotherapy. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Mumps- Rubella- or Varicella-Containing Live Vaccines: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Mumps- Rubella- or Varicella-Containing Live Vaccines. Specifically, the risk of vaccine-associated infection may be increased. Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Mumps- Rubella- or Varicella-Containing Live Vaccines. Risk X: Avoid combination

Nadofaragene Firadenovec: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Nadofaragene Firadenovec. Specifically, the risk of disseminated adenovirus infection may be increased. Risk X: Avoid combination

Natalizumab: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Natalizumab. Risk X: Avoid combination

Ocrelizumab: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Ocrelizumab. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Ofatumumab: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Ofatumumab. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Olaparib: Myelosuppressive Agents may enhance the myelosuppressive effect of Olaparib. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Palifermin: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Antineoplastic Agents. Specifically, the duration and severity of oral mucositis may be increased. Management: Do not administer palifermin within 24 hours before, during infusion of, or within 24 hours after administration of myelotoxic chemotherapy. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Pidotimod: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Pidotimod. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Pimecrolimus: May enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy). Risk X: Avoid combination

Pneumococcal Vaccines: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Pneumococcal Vaccines. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Poliovirus Vaccine (Live/Trivalent/Oral): Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Poliovirus Vaccine (Live/Trivalent/Oral). Specifically, the risk of vaccine-associated infection may be increased. Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Poliovirus Vaccine (Live/Trivalent/Oral). Risk X: Avoid combination

Polymethylmethacrylate: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the potential for allergic or hypersensitivity reactions to Polymethylmethacrylate. Management: Use caution when considering use of bovine collagen-containing implants such as the polymethylmethacrylate-based Bellafill brand implant in patients who are receiving immunosuppressants. Consider use of additional skin tests prior to administration. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Promazine: May enhance the myelosuppressive effect of Myelosuppressive Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Rabies Vaccine: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Rabies Vaccine. Management: Complete rabies vaccination at least 2 weeks before initiation of immunosuppressant therapy if possible. If combined, check for rabies antibody titers, and if vaccination is for post exposure prophylaxis, administer a 5th dose of the vaccine. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Ritlecitinib: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Ritlecitinib. Risk X: Avoid combination

Ropeginterferon Alfa-2b: Myelosuppressive Agents may enhance the myelosuppressive effect of Ropeginterferon Alfa-2b. Management: Avoid coadministration of ropeginterferon alfa-2b and other myelosuppressive agents. If this combination cannot be avoided, monitor patients for excessive myelosuppressive effects. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Ruxolitinib (Topical): Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Ruxolitinib (Topical). Risk X: Avoid combination

Sipuleucel-T: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Sipuleucel-T. Management: Consider reducing the dose or discontinuing the use of immunosuppressants, such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, prior to initiating sipuleucel-T therapy. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

SORAfenib: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of CARBOplatin. CARBOplatin may increase the serum concentration of SORAfenib. Management: Concurrent sorafenib with carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with squamous cell lung cancer is contraindicated. Use in other settings is not specifically contraindicated but should be approached with added caution. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P) Receptor Modulator: May enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy). Risk C: Monitor therapy

Tacrolimus (Topical): Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Tacrolimus (Topical). Risk X: Avoid combination

Talimogene Laherparepvec: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Talimogene Laherparepvec. Specifically, the risk of infection from the live, attenuated herpes simplex virus contained in talimogene laherparepvec may be increased. Risk X: Avoid combination

Taxane Derivatives: Platinum Derivatives may enhance the myelosuppressive effect of Taxane Derivatives. Administer Taxane derivative before Platinum derivative when given as sequential infusions to limit toxicity. Management: Administer paclitaxel before cisplatin, when given as sequential infusions, to limit toxicity. Problems associated with other taxane/platinum combinations are possible, although unsubstantiated. Administering the taxane before platinum is likely warranted Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Tertomotide: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Tertomotide. Risk X: Avoid combination

Tofacitinib: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Tofacitinib. Risk X: Avoid combination

Topotecan: Platinum Derivatives may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Topotecan. Management: Consider administering platinum derivatives after topotecan when possible to minimize toxicity or using lower doses if administering platinum derivatives prior to topotecan. Monitor for hematologic toxicity (eg, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia). Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Typhoid Vaccine: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Typhoid Vaccine. Specifically, the risk of vaccine-associated infection may be increased. Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Typhoid Vaccine. Risk X: Avoid combination

Ublituximab: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Ublituximab. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Upadacitinib: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Upadacitinib. Risk X: Avoid combination

Vaccines (Inactivated/Non-Replicating): Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Inactivated/Non-Replicating). Management: Give inactivated vaccines at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of chemotherapy when possible. Patients vaccinated less than 14 days before initiating or during chemotherapy should be revaccinated at least 3 months after therapy is complete. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Vaccines (Live): Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines (Live). Specifically, the risk of vaccine-associated infection may be increased. Vaccines (Live) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy). Risk X: Avoid combination

Yellow Fever Vaccine: Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Yellow Fever Vaccine. Specifically, the risk of vaccine-associated infection may be increased. Immunosuppressants (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Yellow Fever Vaccine. Risk X: Avoid combination

Reproductive Considerations

In general, patients who could become pregnant should use effective contraception during systemic anticancer therapy and for 3 to 6 months after the last dose. Patients with partners who could become pregnant should use effective contraception during treatment and for 3 to 6 months after the last dose of systemic anticancer therapy (ESMO [Peccatori 2013]).

Carboplatin may increase the risk of ovarian dysfunction (ACOG 2018). Carboplatin may have an intermediate risk of treatment-related azoospermia and male infertility (ESMO [Lambertini 2020]). Recommendations are available for fertility preservation of male and female patients to be treated with anticancer agents (ASCO [Oktay 2018]; Klipstein 2020).

Pregnancy Considerations

Carboplatin crosses the human placenta (Benoit 2021).

Outcome data following maternal use of carboplatin during pregnancy are available (Bernardini 2022; NTP 2013; Pei 2022). Carboplatin may cause fetal harm if administered during pregnancy.

The European Society for Medical Oncology has published guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of cancer during pregnancy. The guidelines recommend referral to a facility with expertise in cancer during pregnancy and encourage a multidisciplinary team (obstetrician, neonatologist, oncology team) approach. In general, if chemotherapy is indicated, it should be avoided in the first trimester and there should be a 3-week time period between the last chemotherapy dose and anticipated delivery (for adequate maternal and fetal bone marrow recovery), and chemotherapy should not be administered beyond week 33 of gestation. When indicated, chemotherapy may be administered during the second or third trimester at the same dose and schedule as recommended for nonpregnant patients (Amant 2019; ESMO [Peccatori 2013]).

A long-term observational research study is collecting information about the diagnosis and treatment of cancer during pregnancy. For additional information about the pregnancy and cancer registry or to become a participant, contact Cooper Health (877-635-4499).

Breastfeeding Considerations

Carboplatin is present in breast milk (Damoiseaux 2022; Griffin 2012).

• Data related to the presence of carboplatin in breast milk are available from a patient diagnosed with breast cancer during pregnancy. A few days after delivery, treatment with a regimen consisting of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, carboplatin, and paclitaxel was initiated. Following administration of carboplatin 900 mg every 4 weeks, breast milk was collected daily for several weeks during 3 cycles of therapy, providing a total of 78 samples. Breast milk concentrations of platinum from carboplatin were greatest for ~24 hours after administration (up to ~350 ng/mL) then decreased to below 100 ng/mL; platinum remained detectable in breast milk for 21 days following the maternal dose. The relative infant dose (RID) of carboplatin decreased to <0.1% in 1 day during each of 3 cycles. Although the authors note breastfeeding is generally considered acceptable when the RID of a medication is <5% to 10%, it is not known if low cumulative doses of carboplatin may adversely affect a breastfed infant. Discarding breast milk for 24 hours after the dose would decrease the cumulative exposure to a breastfeeding infant (Damoiseaux 2022).

• A second case report describes use of carboplatin 233 mg and paclitaxel administered weekly for the treatment of papillary thyroid cancer in a patient ~4 months postpartum. Following treatment 6, concentrations of carboplatin in breast milk were 900 ng/mL 4 hours following the dose, decreasing to 160 ng/mL 316 hours after the infusion. Authors of this study calculated the RID of carboplatin to be 2% over the dosing interval, based on the average milk concentration and actual maternal weight (Griffin 2012).

Due to the potential for toxicity in the breastfed infant, the manufacturer recommends discontinuing breastfeeding during carboplatin treatment. Breastfeeding should be discontinued with carboplatin therapy; platinum levels in breast milk should be monitored if breastfeeding is desired (ABM [Johnson 2020]).

Monitoring Parameters

CBC (with differential and platelet count), serum electrolytes, serum creatinine and BUN, CrCl, LFTs; audiology evaluations (children <6 months of age); signs/symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions.

The American Society of Clinical Oncology hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening and management provisional clinical opinion (ASCO [Hwang 2020]) recommends HBV screening with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), total Ig or IgG, and antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) prior to beginning (or at the beginning of) systemic anticancer therapy; do not delay treatment for screening/results. Detection of chronic or past HBV infection requires a risk assessment to determine antiviral prophylaxis requirements, monitoring, and follow-up.

Mechanism of Action

Carboplatin is a platinum compound alkylating agent which covalently binds to DNA; interferes with the function of DNA by producing interstrand DNA cross-links. Carboplatin is apparently not cell-cycle specific.

Pharmacokinetics (Adult Data Unless Noted)

Distribution: Vd: 16 L (based on a dose of 300 to 500 mg/m2); into liver, kidney, skin, and tumor tissue

Protein binding: Carboplatin: 0%; Platinum (from carboplatin): Irreversibly binds to plasma proteins

Metabolism: Minimally hepatic to aquated and hydroxylated compounds

Half-life elimination: CrCl >60 mL/minute: Carboplatin: 2.6 to 5.9 hours (based on a dose of 300 to 500 mg/m2); Platinum (from carboplatin): ≥5 days

Excretion: Urine (~70% as carboplatin within 24 hours; 3% to 5% as platinum within 1 to 4 days)

Pharmacokinetics: Additional Considerations (Adult Data Unless Noted)

Altered kidney function: In patients with CrCl <60 mL/minute, the total body and renal clearance decreases as CrCl decreases.

Brand Names: International
International Brand Names by Country
For country code abbreviations (show table)

  • (AE) United Arab Emirates: Kemocarb;
  • (AR) Argentina: Carboplatino filaxis | Paraplatin rtu;
  • (AT) Austria: Carboplatin accord | Carboplatin actavis | Carboplatin d-w | Carboplatin ebewe | Paraplatin;
  • (AU) Australia: Baxter Carboplatin | Carbaccord | Carboplatin accord | Carboplatin kabi;
  • (BD) Bangladesh: Aricarb;
  • (BE) Belgium: Carboplatin accord | Carboplatin sandoz | Carboplatine | Carboplatine mayne pharma (ben) | Carboplatine mylan | Carboplatinum | Carbosin;
  • (BR) Brazil: B platin | Citoplatina | Fauldcarbo | Kemocarb | Tevacarbo | Vancel;
  • (CH) Switzerland: Carbo platinum labatec | Carboplatin accord | Carboplatin actavis | Carboplatin ebewe | Carboplatin Mepha | Carboplatin sandoz | Carboplatin Sandoz eco | Carboplatin teva | Paraplatin;
  • (CI) Côte d'Ivoire: Carbotinol;
  • (CN) China: Bo bei;
  • (CO) Colombia: Blastocarb ru | Carboplatino | Cytocarb;
  • (CZ) Czech Republic: Carbomedac | Carboplatin accord | Carboplatin kabi | Cycloplatin;
  • (DE) Germany: Axicarb | Carbo | Carbo Pt Ebewe | Carbomedac | Carboplatin accord | Carboplatin actavis | Carboplatin Bendalis | Carboplatin ebewe | Carboplatin Gry | Carboplatin Hexal | Carboplatin hikma | Carboplatin kabi | Carboplatin O.R.C.A.pharm | Carboplatin Omnicare | Carboplatin onkovis | Carboplatin Profusio | Carboplatin Ratiopharm | Carboplatin sandoz | Carboplatin Sun | Carboplatin vitane | Carbox | Eurocarboplatin | Neocarbo | Ribocarbo;
  • (DO) Dominican Republic: Kemocarb;
  • (EC) Ecuador: Carboplatino;
  • (EE) Estonia: Carboplatin accord | Carboplatin actavis | Carboplatin kabi | Paraplatin;
  • (EG) Egypt: Carboplatin ebewe | Carboplatin mylan | Carbotinol | Cytocarb | Kemocarb;
  • (ES) Spain: Carboplatino Accord | Carboplatino Ferrer Farma | Carboplatino Hikma | Carboplatino Ratiopharm | Carboplatino sandoz | Carboplatino sun | Carboplatino Teva | Ercar | Paraplatin;
  • (FI) Finland: Carboplatin accord | Carboplatin bmm pharma | Carboplatin mayne | Carbosin | Paraplatin;
  • (FR) France: Carboplatine | Carboplatine actavis | Carboplatine aguettant | Carboplatine Dakota | Carboplatine g gam | Carboplatine kabi | Carboplatine merck | Carboplatine Qualimed | Carboplatine Sun | Carboplatine teva | Carboplatine Winthrop | Paraplatine;
  • (GB) United Kingdom: Carboplatin sandoz | Carboplatin Sun | Paraplatin | Trav carboplatin;
  • (GR) Greece: Carbatacin | Carboplan | Carboplatin ebewe | Carboplatin/hospira | Carbosin | Emorzim | Megaplatin;
  • (HK) Hong Kong: Carboplatin ebewe | Carbosin;
  • (HR) Croatia: Carboplatin Pfizer | Carboplatin Pliva;
  • (HU) Hungary: Bopacatin | Carboplatin accord | Carboplatin ebewe | Carboplatin kabi | Carboplatin teva | Carboplatin venus;
  • (ID) Indonesia: Carboplatin Pfizer | Carbosin | Erbakar | Kemobotin | Kemocarb | Sanbeplatin;
  • (IE) Ireland: Paraplatin;
  • (IL) Israel: Carboplatin ebewe;
  • (IN) India: Adcarb | Biocarb | Caboo | Carboteen | Carbotero | Carbozar | Cytocarb | Karplat | Paraplatin | Stricarb | Unicarb | Womastin | Zucarb;
  • (IT) Italy: Carboplatino | Carboplatino Accord | Carboplatino Ahcl | Carboplatino aurobindo | Carboplatino ebewe | Carboplatino Hikma | Carboplatino may | Carboplatino pfizer | Carboplatino phu | Carboplatino sun;
  • (JP) Japan: Carbomerck | Carbomerck merk hoei | Carboplatin Hexal | Carboplatin Sawai | Carboplatin teva kowa | Paraplatin;
  • (KE) Kenya: Adcarb | Kemocarb | Womastin;
  • (KR) Korea, Republic of: Canplatin | Carbosin | Carbotinol | Dong a carplan | Neoplatin | Pfizer carboplatin;
  • (KW) Kuwait: Carboplan;
  • (LB) Lebanon: Carboplatine mylan | Karboteen | Kemocarb | Megaplatin;
  • (LT) Lithuania: Carboplatin accord | Carboplatin actavis | Carboplatin bmm pharma | Carboplatin kabi;
  • (LV) Latvia: Carboplatin accord | Carboplatin kabi | Cytocarb | Paraplatin;
  • (MA) Morocco: Acucarb;
  • (MX) Mexico: Kemocarb | Nuvaplast | Placart;
  • (MY) Malaysia: Carbopa | Kemocarb | Neoplatin;
  • (NL) Netherlands: Carboplatin accord | Carboplatin ebewe | Carboplatine | Carboplatine "Eurocept" | Carboplatine fresenius kabi | Carbosin | Paraplatin;
  • (NO) Norway: Carboplatin accord | Carboplatin actavis | Carboplatin bmm pharma | Carboplatin hospira | Carboplatin meda | Carboplatin teva | Carbosin | Paraplatin;
  • (NZ) New Zealand: Dbl carboplatin | Paraplatin;
  • (PE) Peru: Carboplatino;
  • (PH) Philippines: Actoplatin | Biovinate | Bonaplatin | Carboplatin hospira | Carbotin | Carbotinol | Carbplin | Cisamin | Crobextin | Kemocarb | Naproplat;
  • (PK) Pakistan: Carbosol | Carbotinol | Carplatu | Kemocarb;
  • (PL) Poland: Carbomedac | Carboplatin accord | Carboplatin actavis | Carboplatin cancernova | Carboplatin Sun | Cycloplatin | Paract;
  • (PR) Puerto Rico: Paraplatin;
  • (PT) Portugal: Carboplatin APS | Carboplatina | Carboplatina accord | Carboplatina hikma | Carboplatina Kabi | Nealorin | Novoplatinum;
  • (PY) Paraguay: Carboplatino cipla | Carboplatino libra | Omilipis | Vancel;
  • (RO) Romania: Carboplatin actavis | Carboplatin kabi | Carboplatin teva;
  • (RU) Russian Federation: Camocarb | Carboplatin Lens | Carboplatin ronc | Carboplatin teva | Cycloplatin | Irinoplat | Kemocarb | Paract | Paraplatin;
  • (SA) Saudi Arabia: Carbo cell | Carbotinol | Kemocarb;
  • (SE) Sweden: Carboplatin accord | Carboplatin actavis | Carboplatin bmm pharma | Carboplatin ebewe | Carboplatin hospira | Carboplatin lederle | Carboplatin Pfizer | Carboplatin pharma | Carboplatin scand pharm | Carboplatin teva | Paraplatin;
  • (SI) Slovenia: Bopacatin | Carboplatin ebewe | Carbosin | Karboplatin medac;
  • (SK) Slovakia: Bopacatin | Carbomedac | Carboplatin accord | Carboplatin kabi | Cycloplatin;
  • (TH) Thailand: Carboplatin abic | Carboplatin ebewe | Carboplatin pharma | Carbosin | Kemocarb | Neoplatin | Paraplatin;
  • (TN) Tunisia: Carboplatin ebewe | Carboplatine actavis | Cytokar | Karboteen | Megaplatin | Omilipis;
  • (TR) Turkey: Carbodex | Carboplan | Carboplatin ebewe | Carboplatin Kocak | Carbosin | Carmen | Carplatu | Paraplatin;
  • (TW) Taiwan: Caxatin | Kemocarb | Paraplatin;
  • (UA) Ukraine: Carbopa | Kemocarb | Paraplatin | Platicarb | Stricarb;
  • (UG) Uganda: Womastin;
  • (UY) Uruguay: Carboplatino | Gadoplatin;
  • (VN) Viet Nam: Bocartin | Carbotenol;
  • (ZA) South Africa: Aspen carboplatin | Paraplatin | Spalcarb;
  • (ZM) Zambia: Biocarb | Kemocarb | Womastin;
  • (ZW) Zimbabwe: Kemocarb
  1. <800> Hazardous Drugs–Handling in Healthcare Settings. United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary (USP 43-NF 38). Rockville, MD: United States Pharmacopeia Convention; 2020:74-92.
  2. Abramson DH, Frank CM, Dunkel IJ. A Phase I/II Study of Subconjunctival Carboplatin for Intraocular Retinoblastoma. Ophthalmology. 1999;106(10):1947-1950. [PubMed 10519590]
  3. Abu-Ghosh AM, Krailo MD, Goldman SC, et al. Ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide in children with poor-risk relapsed Wilms tumor: a Children's Cancer Group report. Ann Oncol. 2002;13(3):460-469. [PubMed 11996479]
  4. Aghajanian C, Blank SV, Goff BA, et al. OCEANS: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial of chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(17):2039-2045. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.42.0505 [PubMed 22529265]
  5. Allen S, Wilson MW, Watkins A, et al. Comparison of two methods for carboplatin dosing in children with retinoblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55(1):47-54. [PubMed 20486170]
  6. Amant F, Berveiller P, Boere IA, et al. Gynecologic cancers in pregnancy: guidelines based on a third international consensus meeting. Ann Oncol. 2019;30(10):1601-1612. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdz228 [PubMed 31435648]
  7. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). ACOG Committee Opinion No. 747: Gynecologic issues in children and adolescent cancer patients and survivors. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;132(2):e67-e77. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000002763 [PubMed 30045213]
  8. Aparicio AM, Harzstark AL, Corn PG, et al. Platinum-based chemotherapy for variant castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2013;19(13):3621-3630. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-3791 [PubMed 23649003]
  9. Aronoff GR, Bennett WM, Berns JS, et al. Drug Prescribing in Renal Failure: Dosing Guidelines for Adults and Children. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: American College of Physicians; 2007, p 97, 169.
  10. Asai A, Katsuno T, Yamaguchi M, et al. Carboplatin-related acute interstitial nephritis in a patient with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. CEN Case Rep. 2020;9(2):114-121. doi:10.1007/s13730-019-00437-w [PubMed 31834568]
  11. Baize N, Monnet I, Greillier L, et al; Groupe Français de Pneumo-Cancérologie 01–13 investigators. Carboplatin plus etoposide versus topotecan as second-line treatment for patients with sensitive relapsed small-cell lung cancer: an open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21(9):1224-1233. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30461-7 [PubMed 32888454]
  12. Bamias A, Moulopoulos LA, Koutras A, et al. The Combination of Gemcitabine and Carboplatin as First-Line Treatment in Patients With Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma. A Phase II Study of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group. Cancer. 2006;106(2):297-303. [PubMed 16342065 ]
  13. Belani CP, Choy H, Bonomi P, et al. Combined Chemoradiotherapy Regimens of Paclitaxel and Carboplatin for Locally Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized Phase II Locally Advanced Multi-Modality Protocol. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(25):5883-5891. [PubMed 16087941]
  14. Benaji B, Dine T, Luyckx M, et al. Stability and compatibility of cisplatin and carboplatin with PVC infusion bags. J Clin Pharm Ther. 1994, 19(2):95-100. [PubMed 8071399]
  15. Benoit L, Mir O, Vialard F, Berveiller P. Cancer during pregnancy: a review of preclinical and clinical transplacental transfer of anticancer agents. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(6):1238. doi:10.3390/cancers13061238 [PubMed 33799824]
  16. Bernardini F, Ferrandina G, Ricci C, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in pregnant patients with cervical cancer: a monocentric retrospective study. Curr Oncol. 2022;29(8):5702-5714. doi:10.3390/curroncol29080450 [PubMed 36005188]
  17. Bilbao-Meseguer I, Rodríguez-Gascón A, Barrasa H, Isla A, Solinís MÁ. Augmented renal clearance in critically ill patients: a systematic review. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2018;57(9):1107-1121. doi:10.1007/s40262-018-0636-7 [PubMed 29441476]
  18. Briasoulis E, Kalofonos H, Bafaloukos D, et al. Carboplatin plus paclitaxel in unknown primary carcinoma: a phase II Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18(17):3101-3107. doi:10.1200/JCO.2000.18.17.3101 [PubMed 10963638]
  19. Bubalo J, Carpenter PA, Majhail N, et al. Conditioning chemotherapy dose adjustment in obese patients: a review and position statement by the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation practice guideline committee. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2014;20(5):600-616. [PubMed 24462742]
  20. Burger RA, Brady MF, Bookman MA, et al; Gynecologic Oncology Group. Incorporation of bevacizumab in the primary treatment of ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(26):2473-2483. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1104390. [PubMed 22204724]
  21. Burtness B, Harrington KJ, Greil R, et al; KEYNOTE-048 Investigators. Pembrolizumab alone or with chemotherapy versus cetuximab with chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (KEYNOTE-048): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet. 2019;394(10212):1915-1928. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32591-7 [PubMed 31679945]
  22. Cairo MS. The Use of Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide in Children With Solid Tumors. Semin Oncol. 1995;22(3)(suppl 7):23-27. [PubMed 7610395]
  23. Calvert AH, Newell DR, Grumbell LA, et al. Carboplatin Dosage: Prospective Evaluation of a Simple Formula Based on Renal Function. J Clin Oncol. 1989;7(11):1748-1756. doi:10.1200/JCO.1989.7.11.1748 [PubMed 2681557]
  24. Carboplatin [prescribing information]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira Inc; August 2021.
  25. Carboplatin Injection BP (carboplatin) [product monograph]. Kirkland, Quebec, Canada: Pfizer Canada ULC; March 2022.
  26. Castagneto B, Botta M, Aitini E, et al. Phase II study of pemetrexed in combination with carboplatin in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Ann Oncol. 2008;19(2):370-373. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdm501 [PubMed 18156144]
  27. Ceresoli GL, Zucali PA, Favaretto AG, et al. Phase II Study of Pemetrexed Plus Carboplatin in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(9):1443-1448. [PubMed 16549838]
  28. Chan AT, Hsu MM, Goh BC, et al. Multicenter, phase II study of cetuximab in combination with carboplatin in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(15):3568-3576. [PubMed 15809453]
  29. Cheung Y-W, Cradock JC, Vishnuvajjala BR, et al. Stability of cisplatin, iproplatin, carboplatin, and tetraplatin in commonly used Intravenous solutions. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1987;44:124-130. [PubMed 3548341]
  30. Chuang LT, Temin S, Berek JS; Management and Care of Patients with Invasive Cervical Cancer Resource-Stratified Guideline Expert Panel. Management and care of patients with invasive cervical cancer: ASCO resource-stratified guideline rapid recommendation update. JCO Glob Oncol. 2022;8:e2200027. doi:10.1200/GO.22.00027 [PubMed 35245079]
  31. Chuang LT, Temin S, Camacho R, et al. Management and care of women with invasive cervical cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology resource-stratified clinical practice guideline. J Glob Oncol. 2016;2(5):311-340. doi:10.1200/JGO.2016.003954 [PubMed 28717717]
  32. Clamp AR, James EC, McNeish IA, et al. Weekly dose-dense chemotherapy in first-line epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal carcinoma treatment (ICON8): primary progression free survival analysis results from a GCIG phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2019;394(10214):2084-2095. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32259-7 [PubMed 31791688]
  33. Clark JI, Hofmeister C, Choudhury A, et al. Phase II evaluation of paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin in advanced head and neck carcinoma. Cancer. 2001;92(9):2334-2340. [PubMed 11745288]
  34. Cohen BH, Geyer JR, Miller DC, et al. Pilot study of intensive chemotherapy with peripheral hematopoietic cell support for children less than 3 years of age with malignant brain tumors, the CCG-99703 phase I/II study. A report from the Children's Oncology Group. Pediatr Neurol. 2015;53(1):31-46. [PubMed 26092413]
  35. Colombo N, Dubot C, Lorusso D, et al; KEYNOTE-826 Investigators. Pembrolizumab for persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. Published online September 18, 2021. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2112435 [PubMed 34534429]
  36. Confino-Cohen R, Fishman A, Altaras M, et al. Successful carboplatin desensitization in patients with proven carboplatin allergy. Cancer. 2005;104(3):640-643. [PubMed 15977213]
  37. Corn PG, Heath EI, Zurita A, et al. Cabazitaxel plus carboplatin for the treatment of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers: a randomised, open-label, phase 1-2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20(10):1432-1443. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30408-5 [PubMed 31515154]
  38. Cortes J, Cescon DW, Rugo HS, et al; KEYNOTE-355 Investigators. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy for previously untreated locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (KEYNOTE-355): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 clinical trial. Lancet. 2020;396(10265):1817-1828. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32531-9 [PubMed 33278935]
  39. Damoiseaux D, Calpe S, Rosing H, et al. Presence of five chemotherapeutic drugs in breast milk as a guide for the safe use of chemotherapy during breastfeeding: results from a case series. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2022;112(2):404-410. doi:10.1002/cpt.2626 [PubMed 35486426]
  40. Daw NC, Gregornik D, Rodman J, et al. Renal function after ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) chemotherapy, nephrectomy and radiotherapy in children with Wilms tumour. Eur J Cancer. 2009;45(1):99-106. [PubMed 18996004]
  41. De Santis M, Bellmunt J, Mead G, et al. Randomized phase II/III trial assessing gemcitabine/carboplatin and methotrexate/carboplatin/vinblastine in patients with advanced urothelial cancer who are unfit for cisplatin-based chemotherapy: EORTC study 30986. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(2):191-199. doi:10.1200/JCO.2011.37.3571 [PubMed 22162575]
  42. Donahue A, McCune JS, Faucette S, et al. Measured versus estimated glomerular filtration rate in the Calvert equation: influence on carboplatin dosing. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2001;47(5):373-379. [PubMed 11391850]
  43. Einhorn LH, Williams SD, Chamness A, et al. High-dose chemotherapy and stem-cell rescue for metastatic germ-cell tumors. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(4):340-348. [PubMed 17652649]
  44. Eiriksson L, Dean E, Sebastianelli A, et al. Guideline no. 408: management of gestational trophoblastic diseases. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2021;43(1):91-105.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jogc.2020.03.001 [PubMed 33384141]
  45. El-Rayes BF, Shields A, Zalupski M, et al. A phase II study of carboplatin and paclitaxel in esophageal cancer. Ann Oncol. 2004;15(6):960-965. [PubMed 15151955]
  46. Expert opinion. Senior Renal Editorial Team: Bruce Mueller, PharmD, FCCP, FASN, FNKF; Jason A. Roberts, PhD, BPharm (Hons), B App Sc, FSHP, FISAC; Michael Heung, MD, MS.
  47. Fader AN, Roque DM, Siegel E, et al. Randomized phase II trial of carboplatin-paclitaxel versus carboplatin-paclitaxel-trastuzumab in uterine serous carcinomas that overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(20):2044-2051. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2017.76.5966. [PubMed 29584549]
  48. Fagotti A, Ferrandina G, Vizzielli G, et al. Phase III randomised clinical trial comparing primary surgery versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer with high tumour load (SCORPION trial): Final analysis of peri-operative outcome. Eur J Cancer. 2016;59:22-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.01.017. [PubMed 26998845]
  49. Feldman DR, Sheinfeld J, Bajorin DF, et al. TI-CE High Dose Chemotherapy for Patients With Previously Treated Germ Cell Tumors: Results and Prognostic Factor Analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(10):1706-1713. [PubMed 20194867]
  50. Flaherty KT, Lee SJ, Zhao F, et al. Phase III trial of carboplatin and paclitaxel with or without sorafenib in metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(3):373-379. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.42.1529 [PubMed 23248256]
  51. Fong MK, Fetterly GJ Jr, McDougald LJ, Iyer RV. Carboplatin pharmacokinetics in a patient receiving hemodialysis. Pharmacotherapy. 2014;34(2):e9-e13. doi:10.1002/phar.1354 [PubMed 24037992]
  52. Forastiere AA, Metch B, Schuller DE, et al. Randomized Comparison of Cisplatin Plus Fluorouracil and Carboplatin Plus Fluorouracil Versus Methotrexate in Advanced Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Southwest Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol. 1992;10(8):1245-1251. [PubMed 1634913]
  53. Forde PM, Spicer J, Lu S, et al; CheckMate 816 Investigators. Neoadjuvant nivolumab plus chemotherapy in resectable lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(21):1973-1985. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2202170 [PubMed 35403841]
  54. Fossella F, Pereira JR, von Pawel J, et al. Randomized, multinational, phase III study of docetaxel plus platinum combinations versus vinorelbine plus cisplatin for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: the TAX 326 study group. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(16):3016-3024. doi:10.1200/JCO.2003.12.046 [PubMed 12837811]
  55. Friedman DL, Himelstein B, Shields CL, et al. Chemoreduction and Local Ophthalmic Therapy for Intraocular Retinoblastoma. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18(1):12-17. [PubMed 10623688]
  56. Gadgeel SM, Shields AF, Heilbrun LK, et al. Phase II study of paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Am J Clin Oncol. 2003;26(1):37-41. [PubMed 12576922]
  57. Gandhi L, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Gadgeel S, et al; KEYNOTE-189 Investigators. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(22):2078-2092. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1801005 [PubMed 29658856]
  58. Gilheeney SW, Khakoo Y, Souweidane M, et al. Thiotepa/topotecan/carboplatin with autologous stem cell rescue in recurrent/refractory/poor prognosis pediatric malignancies of the central nervous system. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;54(4):591-595. [PubMed 19998470]
  59. Gogishvili M, Melkadze T, Makharadze T, et al. Cemiplimab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized, controlled, double-blind phase 3 trial. Nat Med. 2022;28(11):2374-2380. doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01977-y [PubMed 36008722]
  60. Gopal AK, Press OW, Shustov AR, et al. Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine, carboplatin, dexamethasone, and rituximab in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma: a prospective multi-center phase II study by the Puget Sound Oncology Consortium. Leuk Lymphoma. 2010;51(8):1523-1529. doi:10.3109/10428194.2010.491137 [PubMed 20578815]
  61. Greco FA, Erland JB, Morrissey LH, et al. Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Site: Phase II Trials With Docetaxel Plus Cisplatin or Carboplatin. Ann Oncol. 2000;11(2):211-215. [PubMed 10761758]
  62. Griffin SJ, Milla M, Baker TE, Liu T, Wang H, Hale TW. Transfer of carboplatin and paclitaxel into breast milk. J Hum Lact. 2012;28(4):457-459. doi:10.1177/0890334412459374 [PubMed 23087196]
  63. Griggs JJ, Bohlke K, Balaban EP, et al. Appropriate systemic therapy dosing for obese adult patients with cancer: ASCO guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(18):2037-2048. doi:10.1200/JCO.21.00471 [PubMed 33939491]
  64. Griggs JJ, Mangu PB, Anderson H, et al; American Society of Clinical Oncology. Appropriate chemotherapy dosing for obese adult patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(13):1553-1561. doi:10.1200/JCO.2011.39.9436 [PubMed 22473167]
  65. Gronberg BH, Bremnes RM, Flotten O, et al. Phase III Study by the Norwegian Lung Cancer Study Group: Pemetrexed Plus Carboplatin Compared With Gemcitabine Plus Carboplatin as First-Line Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(19):3217-3224. [PubMed 19433683]
  66. Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG). DiSaia PJ, Copeland LJ. Gynecologic Oncology Group newsletter. 2011. Accessed April 29, 2022.
  67. Haddad R, O'Neill A, Rabinowits G, et al. Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (sequential chemoradiotherapy) versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in locally advanced head and neck cancer (PARADIGM): a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(3):257-264. [PubMed 23414589]
  68. Hainsworth JD, Spigel DR, Clark BL, et al. Paclitaxel/carboplatin/etoposide versus gemcitabine/irinotecan in the first-line treatment of patients with carcinoma of unknown primary site: a randomized, phase III Sarah Cannon Oncology Research Consortium trial. Cancer J. 2010;16(1):70-75. doi:10.1097/PPO.0b013e3181c6aa89 [PubMed 20164695]
  69. Hainsworth JD, Spigel DR, Litchy S, et al. Phase II Trial of Paclitaxel, Carboplatin, and Etoposide in Advanced Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: A Minnie Pearl Cancer Research Network Study. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(22):3548-3554. [PubMed 16877720]
  70. Han HS, Diéras V, Robson M, et al. Veliparib with temozolomide or carboplatin/paclitaxel versus placebo with carboplatin/paclitaxel in patients with BRCA1/2 locally recurrent/metastatic breast cancer: randomized phase II study. Ann Oncol. 2018;29(1):154-161. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdx505 [PubMed 29045554]
  71. Hanna NH, Robinson AG, Temin S, et al. Therapy for stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer with driver alterations: ASCO and OH (CCO) joint guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(9):1040-1091. doi:10.1200/JCO.20.03570 [PubMed 33591844]
  72. Hanna NH, Schneider BJ, Temin S, et al. Therapy for stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer without driver alterations: ASCO and OH (CCO) joint guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(14):1608-1632. doi:10.1200/JCO.19.03022 [PubMed 31990617]
  73. Hermes A, Bergman B, Bremnes R, et al. Irinotecan Plus Carboplatin Versus Oral Etoposide Plus Carboplatin in Extensive Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized Phase III Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(26):4261-4267. [PubMed 18779613]
  74. Heijns JB, van der Burg ME, van Gelder T, et al. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: pharmacokinetics and clinical outcome of paclitaxel and carboplatin treatment. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2008;62(5):841-847. doi:10.1007/s00280-007-0671-9 [PubMed 18204842]
  75. Hesketh PJ, Kris MG, Basch E, et al. Antiemetics: ASCO guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(24):2782-2797. doi:10.1200/JCO.20.01296 [PubMed 32658626]
  76. Hirai F, Yamanaka T, Taguchi K, et al; West Japan Oncology Group. A multicenter phase II study of carboplatin and paclitaxel for advanced thymic carcinoma: WJOG4207L. Ann Oncol. 2015;26(2):363-368. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdu541 [PubMed 25403584]
  77. Horita N, Miyagi E, Mizushima T, et al. Severe anaphylaxis caused by intravenous anti-cancer drugs. Cancer Med. 2021;10(20):7174-7183. doi:10.1002/cam4.4252 [PubMed 34505396]
  78. Horn L, Mansfield AS, Szczęsna A, et al; IMpower133 Study Group. First-line atezolizumab plus chemotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(23):2220-2229. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1809064. [PubMed 30280641]
  79. Hwang JP, Feld JJ, Hammond SP, et al. Hepatitis B virus screening and management for patients with cancer prior to therapy: ASCO provisional clinical opinion update. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(31):3698-3715. doi:10.1200/JCO.20.01757 [PubMed 32716741]
  80. Isakoff SJ, Mayer EL, He L, et al. TBCRC009: a multicenter phase II clinical trial of platinum monotherapy with biomarker assessment in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(17):1902-1909. doi:10.1200/JCO.2014.57.6660 [PubMed 25847936]
  81. Janowitz T, Williams EH, Marshall A, et al. New model for estimating glomerular filtration rate in patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(24):2798-2805. doi:10.1200/JCO.2017.72.7578 [PubMed 28686534]
  82. Janus N, Thariat J, Boulanger H, et al. Proposal for Dosage Adjustment and Timing of Chemotherapy in Hemodialyzed Patients. Ann Oncol. 2010;21(7):1395-1403. [PubMed 20118214]
  83. Johnson HM, Mitchell KB; Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine. ABM clinical protocol #34: breast cancer and breastfeeding. Breastfeed Med. 2020;15(7):429-434. doi:10.1089/bfm.2020.29157.hmj [PubMed 32516007]
  84. Johnson ML, Cho BC, Luft A, et al; POSEIDON investigators. Durvalumab with or without tremelimumab in combination with chemotherapy as first-line therapy for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: the phase III POSEIDON study. J Clin Oncol. Published online November 3, 2022. doi:10.1200/JCO.22.00975 [PubMed 36327426]
  85. Kehoe S, Hook J, Nankivell M, et al. Primary chemotherapy versus primary surgery for newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer (CHORUS): an open-label, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2015;386(9990):249-257. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62223-6. [PubMed 26002111]
  86. Kewalramani T, Zelenetz AD, Nimer SD, et al. Rituximab and ICE as Second-Line Therapy before Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Relapsed or Primary Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Blood. 2004;103(10):3684-3688. [PubMed 14739217]
  87. Kim R, Byer J, Fulp WJ, Mahipal A, Dinwoodie W, Shibata D. Carboplatin and paclitaxel treatment is effective in advanced anal cancer. Oncology. 2014;87(2):125-132. doi:10.1159/000361051 [PubMed 25012155]
  88. Kindler HL, Ismaila N, Armato SG 3rd, et al. Treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(13):1343-1373. doi:10.1200/JCO.2017.76.6394 [PubMed 29346042]
  89. Kitagawa R, Katsumata N, Shibata T, et al. Paclitaxel plus carboplatin versus paclitaxel plus cisplatin in metastatic or recurrent cervical cancer: the open-label randomized phase III trial JCOG0505. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(19):2129-2135. doi:10.1200/JCO.2014.58.4391 [PubMed 25732161]
  90. Klipstein S, Fallat ME, Savelli S; Committee on Bioethics; section on hematology/oncology; section on surgery. Fertility preservation for pediatric and adolescent patients with cancer: medical and ethical considerations. Pediatrics. 2020;145(3):e20193994. doi:10.1542/peds.2019-3994 [PubMed 32071259]
  91. Kondagunta GV, Bacik J, Sheinfeld J, et al, “Paclitaxel Plus Ifosfamide Followed by High-Dose Carboplatin Plus Etoposide in Previously Treated Germ Cell Tumors,” J Clin Oncol, 2007, 25(1):85-90. [PubMed 17194908]
  92. Kondo M, Naiki T, Hotta Y, et al. Investigation of tolerability and quality of life for carboplatin-based chemotherapy in an elderly urothelial carcinoma patient undergoing hemodialysis: a case report. J Pharm Health Care Sci. 2018;4:29. doi:10.1186/s40780-018-0124-0 [PubMed 30519478]
  93. Krens SD, Lassche G, Jansman FGA, et al. Dose recommendations for anticancer drugs in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20(4):e200-e207. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30145-7 [PubMed 30942181]
  94. Kunz PL, Reidy-Lagunes D, Anthony LB, et al; North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society. Consensus guidelines for the management and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. Pancreas. 2013;42(4):557-577. doi:10.1097/MPA.0b013e31828e34a4 [PubMed 23591432]
  95. Kushner BH, Cheung NK, Kramer K, Dunkel IJ, Calleja E, Boulad F. Topotecan combined with myeloablative doses of thiotepa and carboplatin for neuroblastoma, brain tumors, and other poor-risk solid tumors in children and young adults. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2001;28(6):551-556. [PubMed 11607767]
  96. Lambertini M, Peccatori FA, Demeestere I, et al; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Fertility preservation and post-treatment pregnancies in post-pubertal cancer patients: ESMO clinical practice guidelines. Ann Oncol. 2020;31(12):1664-1678. doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.09.006 [PubMed 32976936]
  97. Landier W, Knight K, Wong FL, et al. Ototoxicity in children with high-risk neuroblastoma: prevalence, risk factors, and concordance of grading scales--a report from the Children's Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(6):527-534. [PubMed 24419114]
  98. Langer CJ, Gadgeel SM, Borghaei H, et al; KEYNOTE-021 investigators. Carboplatin and pemetrexed with or without pembrolizumab for advanced, non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomised, phase 2 cohort of the open-label KEYNOTE-021 study. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(11):1497-1508. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30498-3 [PubMed 27745820]
  99. Lee CW, Matulonis UA, Castells MC. Carboplatin Hypersensitivity: A 6-h 12-Step Protocol Effective in 35 Desensitizations in Patients With Gynecological Malignancies and Mast Cell/IgE-Mediated Reactions. Gynecol Oncol. 2004;95(2):370-376. [PubMed 15491759]
  100. Lemma GL, Lee JW, Aisner SC, et al. Phase II study of carboplatin and paclitaxel in advanced thymoma and thymic carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(15):2060-2065. doi:10.1200/JCO.2010.32.9607 [PubMed 21502559]
  101. Liem RI, Higman MA, Chen AR, Arceci RJ. Misinterpretation of a Calvert-derived formula leading to carboplatin overdose in two children. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2003;25(10):818-821. [PubMed 14528109]
  102. Loesch D, Robert N, Asmar L, et al. Phase II multicenter trial of weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin regimen in patients with advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20(18):3857-3864. doi:10.1200/JCO.2002.08.129 [PubMed 12228205]
  103. Loibl S, O’Shaughnessy J, Untch M, et al. Addition of the PARP inhibitor veliparib plus carboplatin or carboplatin alone to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer (BrighTNess): a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(4):497-509. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30111-6 [PubMed 29501363]
  104. Loriot Y, Massard C, Gross-Goupil M, et al. Combining carboplatin and etoposide in docetaxel-pretreated patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer: a prospective study evaluating also neuroendocrine features. Ann Oncol. 2009;20(4):703-708. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdn694 [PubMed 19179557]
  105. Lorusso D, Ferrandina G, Colombo N, et al. Carboplatin-paclitaxel compared to carboplatin-paclitaxel-bevacizumab in advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer: MITO END-2 – a randomized phase II trial. Gynecol Oncol. 2019;155(3):406-412. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.10.013 [PubMed 31677820]
  106. Lovett D, Kelsen D, Eisenberger M, et al. A Phase II Trial of Carboplatin and Vinblastine in the Treatment of Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus. Cancer. 1991;67(2):354-356. [PubMed 1985729]
  107. Lurain JR, Nejad B. Secondary chemotherapy for high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Gynecol Oncol. 2005;97(2):618-623. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.02.004 [PubMed 15863169]
  108. Lurain JR, Schink JC. Importance of salvage therapy in the management of high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. J Reprod Med. 2012;57(5-6):219-224. [PubMed 22696816]
  109. Lurain JR, Singh DK, Schink JC. Management of metastatic high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: FIGO stages II-IV: risk factor score > or = 7. J Reprod Med. 2010;55(5-6):199-207. [PubMed 20626175]
  110. Mann JR, Raafat F, Robinson K, et al. The United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group's second germ cell tumor study: carboplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin are effective treatment for children with malignant extracranial germ cell tumors, with acceptable toxicity. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18(22):3809-3818. [PubMed 11078494]
  111. Mann JR, Raafat F, Robinson K, et al. UKCCSG's germ cell tumour (GCT) studies: improving outcome for children with malignant extracranial non-gonadal tumours--carboplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin are effective and less toxic than previous regimens. United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1998;30(4):217-227. [PubMed 9473756]
  112. Marina NM, Rodman J, Shema SJ, et al. Phase I study of escalating targeted doses of carboplatin combined with ifosfamide and etoposide in children with relapsed solid tumors. J Clin Oncol. 1993;11(3):554-560. [PubMed 8445431]
  113. Markman M, Kennedy A, Webster K, et al. Combination Chemotherapy With Carboplatin and Docetaxel in the Treatment of Cancers of the Ovary and Fallopian Tube and Primary Carcinoma of the Peritoneum. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19(7):1901-1905. [PubMed 11283121]
  114. Markman M, Zanotti K, Peterson G, et al. Expanded Experience With an Intradermal Skin Test to Predict for the Presence or Absence of Carboplatin Hypersensitivity. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(24):4611-4614. [PubMed 14673050]
  115. Masters GA, Temin S, Azzoli CG, et al. Systemic therapy for stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(30):3488-515. doi:10.1200/JCO.2015.62.1342 [PubMed 26324367]
  116. Miller DS, Filiaci VL, Mannel RS, et al. Carboplatin and paclitaxel for advanced endometrial cancer: final overall survival and adverse event analysis of a phase III trial (NRG Oncology/GOG0209). J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(33):3841-3850. doi:10.1200/JCO.20.01076 [PubMed 33078978]
  117. Mirza MR, Chase DM, Slomovitz BM, et al; RUBY Investigators. Dostarlimab for primary advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(23):2145-2158. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2216334 [PubMed 36972026]
  118. Modlin J and Mancini R. Chemotherapy Administration Sequence: A Review of the Literature and Creation of a Sequencing Chart. J Hematol Oncol. 2011;1(1):17-25. http://issuu.com/theoncologypharmacist/docs/jhop_march2011?mode=embed&layout=http%3A%2F%2Fskin.issuu.com%2Fv%2Fdark%2Flayout.xml&showFlipBtn=true
  119. Morgan C, Tillett T, Braybrooke J, et al. Management of Uncommon Chemotherapy-Induced Emergencies. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(8):806-814. [PubMed 21276754]
  120. Morrow A, Garland C, Yang F, De Luna M, Herrington JD. Analysis of carboplatin dosing in patients with a glomerular filtration rate greater than 125 mL/min: to cap or not to cap? A retrospective analysis and review. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2019;25(7):1651-1657. doi:10.1177/1078155218805136 [PubMed 30336729]
  121. Moskowitz CH, Nimer SD, Zelenetz AD, et al. A 2-Step Comprehensive High-Dose Chemoradiotherapy Second-Line Program for Relapsed and Refractory Hodgkin Disease: Analysis by Intent to Treat and Development of a Prognostic Model. Blood. 2001;97(3):616-623. [PubMed 11157476]
  122. Myers AL, Zhang YP, Kawedia JD, et al. Stability study of carboplatin infusion solutions in 0.9% sodium chloride in polyvinyl chloride bags. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2016;22(1):31-36. doi:10.1177/1078155214546016 [PubMed 25122633]
  123. National Toxicology Program. NTP monograph: developmental effects and pregnancy outcomes associated with cancer chemotherapy use during pregnancy. NTP Monogr. 2013;(2):i-214. [PubMed 24736875]
  124. Newell DR, Pearson AD, Balmanno K, et al. Carboplatin Pharmacokinetics in Children: The Development of a Pediatric Dosing Formula. The United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 1993;11(12):2314-2323. [PubMed 8246021]
  125. Oguri T, Shimokata T, Inada M, et al. Pharmacokinetic analysis of carboplatin in patients with cancer who are undergoing hemodialysis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2010;66(4):813-817. doi:10.1007/s00280-010-1366-1 [PubMed 20563583]
  126. Oktay K, Harvey BE, Partridge AH, et al. Fertility preservation in patients with cancer: ASCO clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(19):1994-2001. doi:10.1200/JCO.2018.78.1914 [PubMed 29620997]
  127. Oliver RT, Mead GM, Rustin GJ, et al. Randomized Trial of Carboplatin versus Radiotherapy for Stage I Seminoma: Mature Results on Relapse and Contralateral Testis Cancer Rates in MRC TE19/EORTC 30982 Study (ISRCTN27163214). J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(8):957-962. [PubMed 21282539]
  128. Packer RJ, Ater J, Allen J, et al. Carboplatin and Vincristine Chemotherapy for Children With Newly Diagnosed Progressive Low-Grade Gliomas. J Neurosurg. 1997;86(5):747-754. [PubMed 9126887]
  129. Paraplatin (carboplatin) [prescribing information]. Durham, NC: Accord BioPharma Inc; August 2019.
  130. Patel JD, Socinski MA, Garon EB, et al. PointBreak: a randomized phase III study of pemetrexed plus carboplatin and bevacizumab followed by maintenance pemetrexed and bevacizumab versus paclitaxel plus carboplatin and bevacizumab followed by maintenance bevacizumab in patients with stage IIIB or IV nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(34):4349-4357. [PubMed 24145346]
  131. Paw Cho Sing E, Robinson PD, Flank J, et al. Classification of the acute emetogenicity of chemotherapy in pediatric patients: A clinical practice guideline. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2019;66(5):e27646. doi: 10.1002/pbc.27646. [PubMed 30729654]
  132. Paz-Ares L, Ciuleanu TE, Cobo M, et al. First-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab combined with two cycles of chemotherapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (CheckMate 9LA): an international, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22(2):198-211. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30641-0 [PubMed 33476593]
  133. Paz-Ares L, Dvorkin M, Chen Y, et al; CASPIAN investigators. Durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide versus platinum-etoposide in first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CASPIAN): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2019;394(10212):1929-1939. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32222-6 [PubMed 31590988]
  134. Paz-Ares L, Luft A, Vicente D, et al; KEYNOTE-407 Investigators. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy for squamous non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(21):2040-2051. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1810865 [PubMed 30280635]
  135. Pearson AD, Pinkerton CR, Lewis IJ, et al. High-Dose Rapid and Standard Induction Chemotherapy for Patients Aged Over 1 Year With Stage 4 Neuroblastoma: A Randomised Trial. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9(3):247-256. [PubMed 18308250]
  136. Peccatori FA, Azim HA Jr, Orecchia R, et al; ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Cancer, pregnancy and fertility: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2013;24(suppl 6):vi160-vi170. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdt199 [PubMed 23813932]
  137. Pectasides D, Fountzilas G, Papaxoinis G, et al. Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Metastatic or Recurrent Cervical Cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2009;19(4):777-781. [PubMed 19509587]
  138. Pectasides D, Xiros N, Papaxoinis G, et al. Carboplatin and paclitaxel in advanced or metastatic endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2008;109(2):250-254. [PubMed 18299146]
  139. Pegram MD, Pienkowski T, Northfelt DW, et al. Results of two open-label, multicenter phase II studies of docetaxel, platinum salts, and trastuzumab in HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96(10):759-769. [PubMed 15150304]
  140. Pei Y, Gou Y, Li N, Yang X, Han X, Huiling L. Efficacy and safety of platinum-based chemotherapy for ovarian cancer during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncol Ther. 2022;10(1):55-73. doi:10.1007/s40487-021-00179-9 [PubMed 34865206]
  141. Pein F, Michon J, Valteau-Couanet D, et al. High-dose melphalan, etoposide, and carboplatin followed by autologous stem-cell rescue in pediatric high-risk recurrent Wilms' tumor: a French Society of Pediatric Oncology study. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16(10):3295-3301. [PubMed 9779704]
  142. Pein F, Tournade MF, Zucker JM, et al. Etoposide and carboplatin: a highly effective combination in relapsed or refractory Wilms' tumor--a phase II study by the French Society of Pediatric Oncology. J Clin Oncol. 1994;12(5):931-936. [PubMed 8164044]
  143. Perez EA, Hillman DW, Stella PJ, et al. A phase II study of paclitaxel plus carboplatin as first-line chemotherapy for women with metastatic breast carcinoma. Cancer. 2000;88(1):124-131. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(20000101)88:1<124::aid-cncr17>3.3.co;2-6 [PubMed 10618614]
  144. Pfisterer J, Shannon CM, Baumann K, et al; AGO-OVAR 2.21/ENGOT-ov 18 Investigators. Bevacizumab and platinum-based combinations for recurrent ovarian cancer: a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21(5):699-709. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30142-X [PubMed 32305099]
  145. Pignata S, Scambia G, Katsaros D, et al. Carboplatin plus paclitaxel once a week versus every 3 weeks in patients with advanced ovarian cancer (MITO-7): a randomized, multicenter, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(4):396-405. [PubMed 24582486]
  146. Posner MR, Hershock DM, Blajman CR, et al. Cisplatin and fluorouracil alone or with docetaxel in head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(17):1705-1715. [PubMed 17960013]
  147. Poulsen M, Rischin D, Walpole, et al. High-Risk Merkel Cell Carcinoma of the Skin Treated With Synchronous Carboplatin/Etoposide and Radiation: A Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group Study --TROG 96:07. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(23):4371-4376. [PubMed 14645427]
  148. Poulsen M, Walpole E, Harvey J, et al. Weekly Carboplatin Reduces Toxicity During Synchronous Chemoradiotherapy for Merkel Cell Carcinoma of Skin. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;72(4):1070-1074. [PubMed 18707820]
  149. Powles T, Park SH, Voog E, et al. Avelumab maintenance therapy for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(13):1218-1230. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2002788 [PubMed 32945632]
  150. Pujade-Lauraine E, Wagner U, Aavall-Lundqvist E, et al. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and carboplatin compared with paclitaxel and carboplatin for patients with platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer in late relapse. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(20):3323-3329. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.25.7519 [PubMed 20498395]
  151. Qaddoumi I, Bass JK, Wu J, et al. Carboplatin-Associated Ototoxicity in Children With Retinoblastoma. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(10):1034-1041. [PubMed 22370329]
  152. Ramalingam S, Perry MC, La Rocca RV, et al. Comparison of Outcomes for Elderly Patients Treated With Weekly Paclitaxel in Combination With Carboplatin versus the Standard 3-Weekly Paclitaxel and Carboplatin for Advanced Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer. 2008;113(3):542-546. [PubMed 18512224]
  153. Rao D, Holtan SG, Ingle JN, et al. Combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin as second-line therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma. Cancer. 2006;106(2):375-382. [PubMed 16342250]
  154. Rao S, Sclafani F, Eng C, et al. International rare cancers initiative multicenter randomized phase II trial of cisplatin and fluorouracil versus carboplatin and paclitaxel in advanced anal cancer: InterAAct. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(22):2510-2518. doi:10.1200/JCO.19.03266 [PubMed 32530769]
  155. Rathod PS, Kundargi R, Pallavi VR, et al. Refractory gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: a novel drug combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin produces durable complete remission. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2015;25(9):1737-1741. doi:10.1097/IGC.000000000000055 [PubMed 26401644]
  156. Redondo A, Colombo N, McCormack M, et al. Primary results from CECILIA, a global single-arm phase II study evaluating bevacizumab, carboplatin and paclitaxel for advanced cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2020;159(1):142-149. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.07.026 [PubMed 32763109]
  157. Refer to manufacturer's labeling.
  158. Robert N, Leyland-Jones B, Asmar L, et al. Randomized Phase III Study of Trastuzumab, Paclitaxel, and Carboplatin Compared With Trastuzumab and Paclitaxel in Women With HER-2-Overexpressing Metastatic Breast Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(18):2786-2792. [PubMed 16782917]
  159. Rodriguez-Galindo C, Wilson MW, Haik BG, et al. Treatment of Intraocular Retinoblastoma With Vincristine and Carboplatin. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(10):2019-2025. [PubMed 12743157]
  160. Roila F, Herrstedt J, Aapro M, et al; ESMO/MASCC Guidelines Working Group. Guideline update for MASCC and ESMO in the prevention of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: results of the Perugia consensus conference. Ann Oncol. 2010;21(suppl 5):v232-v243. [PubMed 20555089]
  161. Roila F, Molassiotis A, Herrstedt J, et al. 2016 MASCC and ESMO guideline update for the prevention of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and of nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer patients. Ann Oncol. 2016;27(suppl 5):v119-v133. [PubMed 27664248]
  162. Rubie H, Michon J, Plantaz D, et al. Unresectable Localized Neuroblastoma: Improved Survival After Primary Chemotherapy Including Carboplatin-Etoposide. Neuroblastoma Study Group of the Societe Francaise d'Oncologie Pediatrique (SFOP). Br J Cancer. 1998;77(12):2310-2317. [PubMed 9649151]
  163. Rubie H, Plantaz D, Coze C, et al. Localised and unresectable neuroblastoma in infants: excellent outcome with primary chemotherapy. neuroblastoma study group, Société Française d'Oncologie Pédiatrique. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2001;36(1):247-250. [PubMed 11464897]
  164. Rudin CM, Ismaila N, Hann CL, et al. Treatment of small-cell lung cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Endorsement of the American College of Chest Physicians Guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(34):4106-4111. [PubMed 26351333]
  165. Sandhu G, Adattini J, Armstrong Gordon E, O’Neill N; ADDIKD Guideline Working Group. International consensus guideline on anticancer drug dosing in kidney dysfunction. 2022. eviQ, Cancer Institute NSW. St. Leonards, Australia. https://www.eviq.org.au/clinical-resources/addikd-guideline/4174-anticancer-drug-dosing-in-kidney-dysfunction. [PubMed 26351333]
  166. Sandler A, Gray R, Perry MC, et al. Paclitaxel-Carboplatin Alone or With Bevacizumab for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(24):2542-2550. [PubMed 17167137]
  167. Santoro A, O'Brien ME, Stahel RA, et al. Pemetrexed plus cisplatin or pemetrexed plus carboplatin for chemonaïve patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma: results of the International Expanded Access Program. J Thorac Oncol. 2008;3(7):756-763. doi:10.1097/JTO.0b013e31817c73d6 [PubMed 18594322]
  168. Santos-Bueso E, Muñoz-Hernández AM, Porta-Etessam J, Benítez-Del-Castillo JM. Bilateral haemorrhagic papilloedema secondary to carboplatin use. Edema de papila bilateral hemorrágico secundario a carboplatino. Neurologia (Engl Ed). 2019;34(9):614-616. doi:10.1016/j.nrl.2017.01.014 [PubMed 28342551]
  169. Schmid P, Cortes J, Dent R, et al; KEYNOTE-522 Investigators. Event-free survival with pembrolizumab in early triple-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(6):556-567. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2112651 [PubMed 35139274]
  170. Schmid P, Cortes J, Pusztai L, et al; KEYNOTE-522 Investigators. Pembrolizumab for early triple-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(9):810-821. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1910549 [PubMed 32101663]
  171. Schmittel A, Fischer von Weikersthal L, Sebastian M, et al. A Randomized Phase II Trial of Irinotecan Plus Carboplatin Versus Etoposide Plus Carboplatin Treatment in Patients With Extended Disease Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Ann Oncol. 2006;17(4):663-667. [PubMed 16423848]
  172. Schneeweiss A, Chia S, Hickish T, et al. Pertuzumab plus trastuzumab in combination with standard neoadjuvant anthracycline-containing and anthracycline-free chemotherapy regimens in patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer: a randomized phase II cardiac safety study (TRYPHAENA). Ann Oncol. 2013;24(9):2278-2284. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdt182 [PubMed 23704196]
  173. Secord AA, Havrilesky LJ, Carney ME, et al. Weekly Low-Dose Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in the Treatment of Advanced or Recurrent Cervical and Endometrial Cancer. Int J Clin Oncol. 2007;12(1):31-36. [PubMed 17380438]
  174. Sharma P, López-Tarruella S, García-Saenz JA, et al. Efficacy of neoadjuvant carboplatin plus docetaxel in triple-negative breast cancer: combined analysis of two cohorts. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23(3):649-657. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-0162 [PubMed 27301700]
  175. Sharma P, López-Tarruella S, García-Saenz JA, et al. Pathological response and survival in triple-negative breast cancer following neoadjuvant carboplatin plus docetaxel. Clin Cancer Res. 2018;24(23):5820-5829. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-0585 [PubMed 30061361]
  176. Skarlos DV, Samantas E, Briassoulis E, et al. Randomized Comparison of Early Versus Late Hyperfractionated Thoracic Irradiation Concurrently With Chemotherapy in Limited Disease Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized Phase II Study of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group (HeCOG). Ann Oncol. 2001;12(9):1231-1238. [PubMed 11697833]
  177. Slamon D, Eiermann W, Robert N, et al. Adjuvant trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(14):1273-1283. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0910383 [PubMed 21991949]
  178. Smallridge RC, Ain KB, Asa SL, et al. American Thyroid Association guidelines for management of patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2012;22(11):1104-39. [PubMed 23130564]
  179. Socinski MA, Bondarenko I, Karaseva NA, et al. Weekly nab-paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin versus solvent-based paclitaxel plus carboplatin as first-line therapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: final results of a phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(17):2055-2062. doi:10.1200/JCO.2011.39.5848 [PubMed 22547591]
  180. Socinski MA, Jotte RM, Cappuzzo F, et al; IMpower150 Study Group. Atezolizumab for first-line treatment of metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(24):2288-2301. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1716948 [PubMed 29863955]
  181. Socinski MA, Smit EF, Lorigan P, et al. Phase III study of pemetrexed plus carboplatin compared with etoposide plus carboplatin in chemotherapy-naive patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(28):4787-4792. doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.23.1548 [PubMed 19720897]
  182. Sorbye H, Welin S, Langer SW, et al. Predictive and prognostic factors for treatment and survival in 305 patients with advanced gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinoma (WHO G3): the NORDIC NEC study. Ann Oncol. 2013;24(1):152-160. [PubMed 22967994]
  183. Sosa JA, Elisei R, Jarzab B, et al. Randomized safety and efficacy study of fosbretabulin with paclitaxel/carboplatin against anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 2014;24(2):232-240. [PubMed 23721245]
  184. Spreafico F, Bisogno G, Collini P, et al. Treatment of high-risk relapsed Wilms tumor with dose-intensive chemotherapy, marrow-ablative chemotherapy, and autologous hematopoietic stem cell support: experience by the Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008;51(1):23-28. [PubMed 18293386]
  185. Strauss GM, Herndon JE 2nd, Maddaus AA, et al. Adjuvant Paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin Compared With Observation in Stage IB Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: CALGB 9633 With the Cancer and Leukemia Group B, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, and North Central Cancer Treatment Group Study Groups. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(31):5043-5051. [PubMed 18809614]
  186. Stephenson A, Eggener SE, Bass EB, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of early stage testicular cancer: AUA guideline. J Urol. 2019;202(2):272-281. doi:10.1097/JU.0000000000000318 [PubMed 31059667]
  187. Strosberg JR, Coppola D, Klimstra DS, et al. The NANETS consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of poorly differentiated (high-grade) extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas. Pancreas. 2010;39(6):799-800. [PubMed 20664477]
  188. Sussman DA, Escalona-Benz E, Benz MS, et al. Comparison of Retinoblastoma Reduction for Chemotherapy vs External Beam Radiotherapy. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121(7):979-984. [PubMed 12860801]
  189. Tinker AV, Bhagat K, Swenerton KD, et al. Carboplatin and Paclitaxel for Advanced and Recurrent Cervical Carcinoma: The British Columbia Cancer Agency Experience. Gynecol Oncol. 2005;98(1):54-58. [PubMed 15904950]
  190. Tsang C, Akbari A, Frechette D, Brown PA. Accurate determination of glomerular filtration rate in adults for carboplatin dosing: moving beyond Cockcroft and Gault. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2021;27(2):368-375. doi:10.1177/1078155220978446 [PubMed 33297846]
  191. Tutt A, Tovey H, Cheang MCU, et al. Carboplatin in BRCA1/2-mutated and triple-negative breast cancer BRCAness subgroups: the TNT trial. Nat Med. 2018;24(5):628-637. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0009-7 [PubMed 29713086]
  192. Udy AA, Roberts JA, Boots RJ, Paterson DL, Lipman J. Augmented renal clearance: implications for antibacterial dosing in the critically ill. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2010;49(1):1-16. doi:10.2165/11318140-000000000-00000 [PubMed 20000886]
  193. US Department of Health and Human Services; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH list of antineoplastic and other hazardous drugs in healthcare settings 2016. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2016-161/default.html. Updated September 2016. Accessed October 5, 2016.
  194. Valero V, Forbes J, Pegram MD, et al. Multicenter Phase III Randomized Trial Comparing Docetaxel and Trastuzumab With Docetaxel, Carboplatin, and Trastuzumab as First-Line Chemotherapy for Patients With HER2-Gene-Amplified Metastatic Breast Cancer (BCIRG 007 Study): Two Highly Active Therapeutic Regimens. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(2):149-156. [PubMed 21115860]
  195. van der Vijgh WJ. Clinical pharmacokinetics of carboplatin. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1991;21(4):242-261. doi:10.2165/00003088-199121040-00002 [PubMed 1760899]
  196. Van Hagen P, Hulshof MC, van Lanschot JJ, et al. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for esophageal or junctional cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(22):2074-2084. [PubMed 22646630]
  197. van Meerten E, Muller K, Tilanus HW, et al. Neoadjuvant Concurrent Chemoradiation With Weekly Paclitaxel and Carboplatin for Patients With Oesophageal Cancer: A Phase II Study. Br J Cancer. 2006;94(10):1389-1394. [PubMed 16670722]
  198. van Winkle P, Angiolillo A, Krailo M, et al. Ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) reinduction chemotherapy in a large cohort of children and adolescents with recurrent/refractory sarcoma: the Children's Cancer Group (CCG) experience. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2005;44(4):338-347. doi: 10.1002/pbc.20227. [PubMed 15503297]
  199. Vasey PA, Jayson GC, Gordon A, et al. Phase III Randomized Trial of Docetaxel-Carboplatin Versus Paclitaxel-Carboplatin as First-Line Chemotherapy for Ovarian Carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96(22):1682-1691. [PubMed 15547181]
  200. Vaughn DJ, Manola J, Dreicer R, et al. Phase II Study of Paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin in Patients With Advanced Carcinoma of the Urothelium and Renal Dysfunction (E2896): A Trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Cancer. 2002;95(5):1022-1027. [PubMed 12209686]
  201. Vergote I, Coens C, Nankivell M, et al; EORTC; MRC CHORUS study investigators. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus debulking surgery in advanced tubo-ovarian cancers: pooled analysis of individual patient data from the EORTC 55971 and CHORUS trials [published correction appears in Lancet Oncol. 2019;20(1):e10]. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(12):1680-1687. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30566-7. [PubMed 30413383]
  202. Vergote I, Tropé CG, Amant F, et al; European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Gynaecological Cancer Group; NCIC Clinical Trials Group. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or primary surgery in stage IIIC or IV ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(10):943-53. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0908806. [PubMed 20818904]
  203. Vermorken JB, Mesia R, Rivera F, et al. Platinum-based chemotherapy plus cetuximab in head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(11):1116-1127. [PubMed 18784101]
  204. Watanabe M, Aoki Y, Tomita M, et al. Paclitaxel and carboplatin combination chemotherapy in a hemodialysis patient with advanced ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2002;84(2):335-338. doi:10.1006/gyno.2001.6527 [PubMed 11812097]
  205. Weiss GR, Green S, Hannigan EV, et al. A phase II trial of carboplatin for recurrent or metastatic squamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a Southwest Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol. 1990;39(3):332-336. [PubMed 2258080]
  206. West H, McCleod M, Hussein M, et al. Atezolizumab in combination with carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel chemotherapy compared with chemotherapy alone as first-line treatment for metastatic non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (Impower130): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20(7):924-937. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30167-6 [PubMed 31122901]
  207. Williams SD, Kauderer J, Burnett AF, et al. Adjuvant therapy of completely resected dysgerminoma with carboplatin and etoposide: a trial of the Gynecologic Oncology Group. Gynecol Oncol. 2004;95(3):496-499. [PubMed 15581952]
  208. Wright AA, Bohlke K, Armstrong DK, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for newly diagnosed, advanced ovarian cancer: Society of Gynecologic Oncology and American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(28):3460-3473. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2016.68.6907. [PubMed 27502591]
  209. Yardley DA, Coleman R, Conte P, et al; tnAcity investigators. nab-Paclitaxel plus carboplatin or gemcitabine versus gemcitabine plus carboplatin as first-line treatment of patients with triple-negative metastatic breast cancer: results from the tnAcity trial. Ann Oncol. 2018;29(8):1763-1770. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdy201 [PubMed 29878040]
  210. Yonemori K, Ando M, Yunokawa M, et al. Irinotecan plus carboplatin for patients with carcinoma of unknown primary site. Br J Cancer. 2009;100(1):50-55. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6604829 [PubMed 19088717]
  211. Zeltzer PM, Epport K, Nelson MD Jr, et al. Prolonged response to carboplatin in an infant with brain stem glioma. Cancer. 1991;67(1):43-f7. [PubMed 1985722]
Topic 9202 Version 479.0

آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟