Causes of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release in children

Category	Specific causes
Physiologic	Hypovolemia, hyperosmolality
Pulmonary	Pneumonia, bronchiolitis, asthma, pneumothorax, cystic fibrosis, positive pressure mechanical ventilation
Central nervous system (CNS)	Meningitis, encephalitis, CNS tumor, brain trauma, pain, anxiety, hypoxia, nausea, postsurgery
Metabolic	Hypothyroidism, hypoadrenalism
Medication effect	Vincristine, carbamazepine, cyclophosphamide, narcotics

Adapted from: Somers MJG. Fluid and electrolyte therapy in children. In: Pediatric Nephrology, 6th ed, Avner ED, Harmon WH, Niaudet P, Yoshikawa N (Eds), Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2009.

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