Local anesthetics commonly used for peripheral nerve block

Anesthetic	Onset (minutes)	Duration of anesthesia* (hours)	Duration of analgesia* (hours)	Maximum dose*^¶ (mg/kg) without/with epi
2% lidocaine	10 to 20	2 to 5	3 to 8	4.5/7
1.5% mepivacaine	10 to 20	2 to 5	3 to 10	5/7
0.2% ropivacaine	15 to 30	n/a	5 to 16	3/3.5
0.5% ropivacaine	15 to 30	4 to 12	5 to 24	3/3.5
0.25% bupivacaine	15 to 30	n/a	5 to 26	2.5/3
0.5% bupivacaine (+epi)	15 to 30	5 to 15	6 to 30	2.5/3

epi: epinephrine; n/a: not applicable.
* Duration varies widely by site of injection. These are generalized ranges of duration.
¶ Maximal doses represent general guidelines for tissue infiltration, nerve block, or epidural injection. Systemic toxicity may occur with doses below the recommended range, particularly with intravascular injection. Doses in excess of the recommended maximums have been administered without toxicity. These recommendations do not account for the site of injection, rate of administration, or the presence of risk factors for systemic toxicity (eg, renal or hepatic dysfunction, cardiac failure, pregnancy, or extremes of age).

Adapted from: Gadsen J. Local Anesthetics: Clinical Pharmacology and Rational Selection. The New York School of Regional Anesthesia website, October 2013.

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Local anesthetics commonly used for peripheral nerve block