Maternal cause-specific mortality in cardiac arrest

	Potential proximate etiology of maternal cardiac arrest, n (%)	Cause-specific cardiac arrest frequency per 1000 women with each condition	Survival to hospital discharge,* n (%)
Postpartum hemorrhage	1349 (27.9)	0.8	739 (55.1)
Antepartum hemorrhage	813 (16.8)	0.9	433 (53.2)
Heart failure	645 (13.3)	15.6	458 (71.1)
Amniotic fluid embolism	645 (13.3)	252.7	337 (52.5)
Sepsis	544 (11.2)	2.1	256 (46.9)
Anesthesia complication	379 (7.8)	29.5	310 (81.9)
Aspiration pneumonitis	346 (7.1)	20.3	287 (82.9)
Venous thromboembolism	346 (7.1)	43.9	144 (41.5)
Eclampsia	296 (6.1)	6.2	226 (76.5)
Puerperal cerebrovascular disorder	212 (4.4)	13.6	85 (40)
Trauma	125 (2.6)	3.9	29 (23.3)
Pulmonary edema	118 (2.4)	11.2	83 (70.9)
Acute myocardial infarction	150 (3.1)	89.8	85 (56.3)
Magnesium toxicity	66 (1.4)	5.2	57 (85.9)
Status asthmaticus^¶	54 (1.1)	12.6	29 (53.7)
Anaphylaxis^¶	15 (0.3)	10.8	15 (100)
Aortic dissection/rupture^¶	14 (0.3)	31	0

Distribution of Maternal Cardiac Arrests (n = 4843), the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) 1998-2011. Numbers of arrests from local anesthetic toxicity cannot be reported due to restrictions on reporting small cell sizes.

%: percent.
* Survival is missing for 0.2% of those with cardiopulmonary arrest.
¶ Estimates with a relative standard error (ie, standard error/weighted estimate) >0.30 may not be reliable.

Reproduced with permission from: Mhyre JM, Tsen LC, Einav S, et al. Cardiac Arrest during Hospitalization for Delivery in the United States, 1998-2011. Anesthesiology 2014; 120:810. DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000159. Copyright © 2014 American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this material is prohibited.

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Maternal cause-specific mortality in cardiac arrest