Version June 2024
| Historical feature | Potential significance |
| History of acute illness | |
| Fever (temperature ≥38°C [100.4°F]) | May suggest upper UTI |
| Vomiting | Suggests upper UTI or other cause of symptoms |
| Recent illness | May suggest adenovirus or be associated with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis |
| Recent antibiotics | May be associated with pathogens other than Escherichia coli and resistant pathogens |
| Sexual activity | Expands the potential pathogens (eg, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Trichomonas vaginalis) and the differential diagnosis (eg, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease) |
| If sexually active, use of spermicidal agents | Predisposes to urinary tract infection by altering vaginal flora |
| Urethral discharge | May be associated with urethritis and epididymitis (in males) |
| Vaginal discharge | May be associated with vaginitis or cervicitis |
| Past history | |
| Chronic urinary symptoms (eg, incontinence, poor stream, frequency, urgency, withholding maneuvers) | May be associated with anatomic or physiologic abnormalities of the urinary tract (eg, bladder dysfunction, posterior urethral valves), increasing the risk of resistant pathogens or recurrent UTI |
| Chronic constipation | May be associated with bladder and bowel dysfunction (eg, overactive bladder, dysfunctional voiding) |
| Previous UTI or undiagnosed febrile illnesses (which may have been UTI) | Recurrent UTI is associated with progression of renal scarring |
| Vesicoureteral reflux | Associated with increased risk of recurrent UTI and possibly loss of renal parenchyma |
| Medications | May be associated with interstitial nephritis or urinary retention |
| Family history of frequent UTI, VUR, or other genitourinary abnormalities | May be associated with undiagnosed anatomic or physiologic abnormalities of the urinary tract |
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