| Airway diseases |
| Bronchitis: Acute or chronic |
| Bronchiectasis* (eg, cystic fibrosis-related) |
| Bronchogenic carcinoma* |
| Bronchial carcinoid tumor |
| Metastatic cancer to bronchus or trachea |
| Bronchovascular fistula (eg, aortic aneurysm with erosion into airway) |
| Dieulafoy disease (subepithelial bronchial artery) |
| Foreign body in airway |
| Broncholith |
| Pulmonary parenchymal diseases |
| Infection |
| Necrotizing pneumonia and lung abscess |
| Bacterial infections (anthrax [Bacillus anthracis], leptospirosis [Leptospira species], plague [Yersinia pestis], tularemia [Francisella tularensis]) |
| Tuberculous* and nontuberculous mycobacterial disease |
| Mycetoma and other fungal infections* |
| Parasitic (eg, Paragonimus westermani, Strongyloides) |
| Viral (eg, Herpes simplex, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever [CCHF], dengue virus [DENV]) |
| Rheumatic disease |
| Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease (Goodpasture disease) |
| Granulomatosis with polyangiitis and other vasculitides |
| Behçet disease |
| Primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus |
| Other |
| Genetic defect of collagen (eg, Ehlers-Danlos vascular type) |
| Endometriosis (catamenial hemoptysis) |
| Pulmonary vascular diseases |
| Heart failure (acquired or congenital) |
| Mitral stenosis |
| Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation |
| Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm (due to infection, neoplasm, or trauma) |
| Pulmonary embolism (eg, fat, septic, thrombotic) |
| Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease |
| Pulmonary and bronchial artery aneurysms (eg, Hughes-Stovin syndrome) |
