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Nadolol: Drug information

Nadolol: Drug information
(For additional information see "Nadolol: Patient drug information" and see "Nadolol: Pediatric drug information")

For abbreviations, symbols, and age group definitions used in Lexicomp (show table)
ALERT: US Boxed Warning
Exacerbation of ischemic heart disease following abrupt withdrawal:

Hypersensitivity to catecholamines has been observed in patients withdrawn from beta-blocker therapy; exacerbation of angina and, in some cases, myocardial infarction have occurred after abrupt discontinuation of such therapy. When discontinuing chronically administered nadolol, particularly in patients with ischemic heart disease, the dosage should be gradually reduced over a period of 1 to 2 weeks and the patient should be carefully monitored. If angina markedly worsens or acute coronary insufficiency develops, nadolol administration should be reinstituted promptly, at least temporarily, and other measures appropriate for the management of unstable angina should be taken. Patients should be warned against interruption or discontinuation of therapy without the physician's advice. Because coronary artery disease is common and may be unrecognized, it may be prudent not to discontinue nadolol therapy abruptly, even in patients treated only for hypertension.

Brand Names: US
  • Corgard
Brand Names: Canada
  • APO-Nadolol;
  • MINT-Nadolol
Pharmacologic Category
  • Antianginal Agent;
  • Antihypertensive;
  • Beta-Blocker, Nonselective
Dosing: Adult
Angina, chronic stable

Angina, chronic stable:

Note: For vasospastic angina, beta-blockers are not recommended; other agents (eg, calcium channel blockers, nitrates) are preferred (Ref).

Oral: Initial: 40 mg once daily; titrate as needed based on patient response in 40 to 80 mg increments every 3 to 7 days up to 240 mg once daily; usual dose: 40 to 80 mg once daily.

Atrial fibrillation/flutter, maintenance of ventricular rate control

Atrial fibrillation/flutter, maintenance of ventricular rate control (off-label use): Oral: Usual dosage range: 10 to 240 mg once daily; start at the lower end of the usual dosage range and increase gradually as tolerated to achieve ventricular rate control (Ref).

Gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage prophylaxis in patients with cirrhosis

Gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage prophylaxis in patients with cirrhosis (off-label use): Note: May use for primary or secondary prophylaxis. Primary prophylaxis is indicated for patients with cirrhosis at high risk of bleeding (identified by medium/large varices, variceal red wale markings on endoscopy, or decompensation with small varices) (Ref).

Oral: Initial: 20 to 40 mg once daily (Ref); adjust every 2 to 3 days to maximal tolerated dose or until heart rate is ~55 to 60 beats per minute (Ref). If systolic BP is <90 mm Hg, reduce dose or discontinue. Some experts recommend a maximum dose of 160 mg/day in patients without ascites and 80 mg/day in patients with ascites (Ref).

Hypertension

Hypertension (alternative agent):

Note: Not recommended in the absence of specific comorbidities (eg, ischemic heart disease, migraine) (Ref).

Oral: Initial: 40 mg once daily; titrate as needed based on patient response in 40 to 80 mg increments up to 320 mg once daily; usual dosage range: 40 to 120 mg once daily (Ref).

Migraine, prevention

Migraine, prevention (off-label use) :

Note: An adequate trial for assessment of effect is considered to be at least 2 to 3 months at a therapeutic dose (Ref).

Oral: Initial: 20 mg once daily; may increase dose based on response and tolerability up to 240 mg/day (Ref).

Supraventricular tachycardia

Supraventricular tachycardia (atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia, focal atrial tachycardia) (off-label use): Oral: Initial: 40 mg once daily; titrate as tolerated to a dose that alleviates symptoms up to 320 mg once daily (Ref).

Thyrotoxicosis

Thyrotoxicosis (off-label use):

Note: For control of cardiovascular effects until euthyroidism is established (Ref).

Oral: 40 to 160 mg once daily (Ref).

Ventricular premature beats, symptomatic

Ventricular premature beats, symptomatic (off-label use): Oral: Dosage range: 40 to 320 mg once daily; start at the lower end of the dosage range and titrate based on response and tolerability (Ref).

Ventricular tachycardia, prevention

Ventricular tachycardia, prevention (off-label use):

Note: For catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and ventricular tachycardia due to congenital long QT syndrome, nadolol is a preferred beta blocker (Ref).

Oral: Dosage range: 40 to 320 mg once daily; start at the lower end of the dosage range and titrate based on response and tolerability (Ref).

Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.

Dosing: Kidney Impairment: Adult

Altered kidney function:

CrCl >50 mL/minute/1.73 m2: Administer every 24 hours.

CrCl 31 to 50 mL/minute/1.73 m2: Administer every 24 to 36 hours.

CrCl 10 to 30 mL/minute/1.73 m2: Administer every 24 to 48 hours.

CrCl <10 mL/minute/1.73 m2: Administer every 40 to 60 hours.

Hemodialysis, intermittent (thrice weekly): Administer 3 times per week after hemodialysis (Ref).

Dosing: Hepatic Impairment: Adult

There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer’s labeling.

Dosing: Older Adult

Refer to adult dosing. In the management of hypertension, consider lower initial doses (eg, 20 mg daily) and titrate to response (Ref).

Dosing: Pediatric

(For additional information see "Nadolol: Pediatric drug information")

Supraventricular tachycardia, treatment

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), treatment: Limited data available: Infants, Children, and Adolescents: Oral: Initial: 0.5 to 1 mg/kg/day once daily or in 2 divided doses; increase dose gradually based on clinical response to a maximum of 2.5 mg/kg/day (Ref). Dosing based on a trial of 26 pediatric patients (age range: 3 months to 15 years) which showed SVT was well controlled with a median dose of 1 mg/kg/day (Ref) and a retrospective study of 20 patients with SVT (age range: 10 to 390 days [median age: 30 days]) treated with nadolol 0.5 to 2 mg/kg/day (80% of patients responded to1 mg/kg/day) in 1 to 2 divided doses; 85% of patients were SVT free at 1 year (Ref).

Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.

Dosing: Kidney Impairment: Pediatric

There are no pediatric-specific recommendations; based on experience in adult patients, dosing adjustment suggested.

Dosing: Hepatic Impairment: Pediatric

There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling.

Adverse Reactions

The following adverse drug reactions and incidences are derived from product labeling unless otherwise specified.

>10%: Central nervous system: Drowsiness, insomnia

1% to 10%:

Cardiovascular: Atrioventricular block, bradycardia, cardiac conduction disturbance, cardiac failure, cold extremities, edema, hypotension, palpitations, peripheral vascular insufficiency, Raynaud's phenomenon

Central nervous system: Depression, dizziness, fatigue, sedation

<1%, postmarketing, and/or case reports: Abdominal distress, anorexia, behavioral changes, bloating, blurred vision, bronchospasm, cardiac arrhythmia, chest pain, confusion (especially in the elderly), constipation, cough, decreased libido, diaphoresis, diarrhea, dyspepsia, dyspnea, facial edema, flatulence, hallucination, headache, impotence, nasal congestion, nausea, nervousness, paresthesia, pruritus, psoriasis (Song 2021), skin rash, slurred speech, thrombocytopenia, tinnitus, transient alopecia, vomiting, weight gain, xeroderma, xerophthalmia, xerostomia

Contraindications

Bronchial asthma; sinus bradycardia; heart block greater than first degree (except in patients with a functioning artificial pacemaker); cardiogenic shock; uncompensated cardiac failure

Canadian labeling: Additional contraindications (not in US labeling): Hypersensitivity to nadolol or any component of the formulation; cor pulmonale; anesthesia with agents that produce myocardial depression; allergic rhinitis, bronchospasm, or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Warnings/Precautions

Concerns related to adverse events:

• Anaphylactic reactions: Use caution with history of severe anaphylaxis to allergens; patients taking beta-blockers may become more sensitive to repeated challenges. Treatment of anaphylaxis (eg, epinephrine) in patients taking beta-blockers may be ineffective or promote undesirable effects.

Disease-related concerns:

• Bronchospastic disease: In general, patients with bronchospastic disease should not receive beta-blockers; if used at all, should be used cautiously with close monitoring.

• Conduction abnormality: Consider preexisting conditions such as sick sinus syndrome before initiating.

• Diabetes: Use with caution in patients with diabetes mellitus; may potentiate hypoglycemia and/or mask signs and symptoms.

• Heart failure: Use with caution in patients with compensated heart failure and monitor for a worsening of the condition (efficacy of nadolol in HF has not been demonstrated).

• Kidney impairment: Use with caution in patients with kidney impairment; dosage adjustments are required.

• Myasthenia gravis: Use with caution in patients with myasthenia gravis.

• Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and Raynaud disease: Can precipitate or aggravate symptoms of arterial insufficiency in patients with PVD and Raynaud disease. Use with caution and monitor for progression of arterial obstruction.

• Pheochromocytoma (untreated): Adequate alpha-blockade is required prior to use of any beta-blocker.

• Prinzmetal variant angina: Beta-blockers without alpha1-adrenergic receptor blocking activity should be avoided in patients with Prinzmetal variant angina since unopposed alpha1-adrenergic receptors mediate coronary vasoconstriction and can worsen anginal symptoms (Mayer 1998).

• Psoriasis: Beta-blocker use has been associated with induction or exacerbation of psoriasis, but cause and effect have not been firmly established.

• Thyroid disease: May mask signs of hyperthyroidism (eg, tachycardia). If hyperthyroidism is suspected, carefully manage and monitor; abrupt withdrawal may exacerbate symptoms of hyperthyroidism or precipitate thyroid storm.

Special populations:

• Older adults: Bradycardia may be observed more frequently in patients >65 years of age; dosage reductions may be necessary.

Other warnings/precautions:

• Abrupt withdrawal: [US Boxed Warning]: Beta-blocker therapy should not be withdrawn abruptly (particularly in patients with CAD), but gradually tapered to avoid acute tachycardia, hypertension, and/or ischemia. Severe exacerbation of angina, ventricular arrhythmias, and myocardial infarction (MI) have been reported following abrupt withdrawal of beta-blocker therapy. Temporary but prompt resumption of beta-blocker therapy may be indicated with worsening of angina or acute coronary insufficiency.

• Major surgery: Chronic beta-blocker therapy should not be routinely withdrawn prior to major surgery.

Dosage Forms: US

Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling. [DSC] = Discontinued product

Tablet, Oral:

Corgard: 20 mg [contains corn starch, fd&c blue #2 (indigotine,indigo carmine)]

Corgard: 20 mg [DSC] [scored; contains fd&c blue #2 (indigotine,indigo carmine)]

Corgard: 40 mg [contains corn starch, fd&c blue #2 (indigotine,indigo carmine)]

Corgard: 40 mg [DSC], 80 mg [DSC] [scored; contains fd&c blue #2 (indigotine,indigo carmine)]

Generic: 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg

Generic Equivalent Available: US

Yes

Pricing: US

Tablets (Corgard Oral)

20 mg (per each): $5.18

40 mg (per each): $6.06

Tablets (Nadolol Oral)

20 mg (per each): $0.07 - $4.25

40 mg (per each): $0.12 - $4.97

80 mg (per each): $0.26 - $5.51

Disclaimer: A representative AWP (Average Wholesale Price) price or price range is provided as reference price only. A range is provided when more than one manufacturer's AWP price is available and uses the low and high price reported by the manufacturers to determine the range. The pricing data should be used for benchmarking purposes only, and as such should not be used alone to set or adjudicate any prices for reimbursement or purchasing functions or considered to be an exact price for a single product and/or manufacturer. Medi-Span expressly disclaims all warranties of any kind or nature, whether express or implied, and assumes no liability with respect to accuracy of price or price range data published in its solutions. In no event shall Medi-Span be liable for special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages arising from use of price or price range data. Pricing data is updated monthly.

Dosage Forms: Canada

Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.

Tablet, Oral:

Generic: 40 mg, 80 mg, 160 mg

Administration: Adult

Oral: May be administered without regard to meals.

Administration: Pediatric

Oral: May administer without regard to meals.

Use: Labeled Indications

Angina, chronic stable: Treatment of angina pectoris

Hypertension: Management of hypertension. Note: Beta-blockers are not recommended as first-line therapy (ACC/AHA [Whelton 2018]).

Use: Off-Label: Adult

Atrial fibrillation/flutter, maintenance of ventricular rate control; Gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage prophylaxis in patients with cirrhosis; Migraine, prevention; Supraventricular tachycardia (atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia, focal atrial tachycardia); Thyrotoxicosis; Ventricular premature beats, symptomatic; Ventricular tachycardia, prevention

Medication Safety Issues
Sound-alike/look-alike issues:

Corgard may be confused with Cognex, Coreg

International issues:

Nadolol may be confused with Mandol brand name for cefamandole [Belgium, Netherlands, New Zealand, Russia]

Metabolism/Transport Effects

Substrate of OCT1, OCT2, P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 (major); Note: Assignment of Major/Minor substrate status based on clinically relevant drug interaction potential

Drug Interactions

Note: Interacting drugs may not be individually listed below if they are part of a group interaction (eg, individual drugs within “CYP3A4 Inducers [Strong]” are NOT listed). For a complete list of drug interactions by individual drug name and detailed management recommendations, use the Lexicomp drug interactions program by clicking on the “Launch drug interactions program” link above.

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: May enhance the bradycardic effect of Beta-Blockers. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Alfuzosin: May enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Alpha2-Agonists: May enhance the AV-blocking effect of Beta-Blockers. Sinus node dysfunction may also be enhanced. Beta-Blockers may enhance the rebound hypertensive effect of Alpha2-Agonists. This effect can occur when the Alpha2-Agonist is abruptly withdrawn. Management: Closely monitor heart rate during treatment with a beta blocker and clonidine. Withdraw beta blockers several days before clonidine withdrawal when possible, and monitor blood pressure closely. Recommendations for other alpha2-agonists are unavailable. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Amifostine: Blood Pressure Lowering Agents may enhance the hypotensive effect of Amifostine. Management: When used at chemotherapy doses, hold blood pressure lowering medications for 24 hours before amifostine administration. If blood pressure lowering therapy cannot be held, do not administer amifostine. Use caution with radiotherapy doses of amifostine. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Amiodarone: May enhance the bradycardic effect of Beta-Blockers. Possibly to the point of cardiac arrest. Amiodarone may increase the serum concentration of Beta-Blockers. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Amphetamines: May diminish the antihypertensive effect of Antihypertensive Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Antidiabetic Agents: Beta-Blockers (Nonselective) may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of Antidiabetic Agents. Beta-Blockers (Nonselective) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Antidiabetic Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Antipsychotic Agents (Second Generation [Atypical]): Blood Pressure Lowering Agents may enhance the hypotensive effect of Antipsychotic Agents (Second Generation [Atypical]). Risk C: Monitor therapy

Arginine: May enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Barbiturates: May enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Benperidol: May enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Beta2-Agonists: Beta-Blockers (Nonselective) may diminish the bronchodilatory effect of Beta2-Agonists. Risk X: Avoid combination

Bradycardia-Causing Agents: May enhance the bradycardic effect of other Bradycardia-Causing Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Brigatinib: May diminish the antihypertensive effect of Antihypertensive Agents. Brigatinib may enhance the bradycardic effect of Antihypertensive Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Brimonidine (Topical): May enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Bromperidol: May diminish the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Blood Pressure Lowering Agents may enhance the hypotensive effect of Bromperidol. Risk X: Avoid combination

Cannabis: Beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Cannabis. Specifically, the risk of hypoglycemia may be increased. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Ceritinib: Bradycardia-Causing Agents may enhance the bradycardic effect of Ceritinib. Management: If this combination cannot be avoided, monitor patients for evidence of symptomatic bradycardia, and closely monitor blood pressure and heart rate during therapy. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Cholinergic Agonists: Beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Cholinergic Agonists. Of particular concern are the potential for cardiac conduction abnormalities and bronchoconstriction. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Dexmethylphenidate: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Antihypertensive Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Diazoxide: May enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Dipyridamole: May enhance the bradycardic effect of Beta-Blockers. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Disopyramide: May enhance the bradycardic effect of Beta-Blockers. Beta-Blockers may enhance the negative inotropic effect of Disopyramide. Risk C: Monitor therapy

DOBUTamine: Beta-Blockers may diminish the therapeutic effect of DOBUTamine. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Dronedarone: May enhance the bradycardic effect of Beta-Blockers. Dronedarone may increase the serum concentration of Beta-Blockers. This likely applies only to those agents that are metabolized by CYP2D6. Management: Use lower initial beta-blocker doses; adequate tolerance of the combination, based on ECG findings, should be confirmed prior to any increase in beta-blocker dose. Increase monitoring for clinical response and adverse effects. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

DULoxetine: Blood Pressure Lowering Agents may enhance the hypotensive effect of DULoxetine. Risk C: Monitor therapy

EPHEDrine (Systemic): Beta-Blockers may diminish the therapeutic effect of EPHEDrine (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy

EPINEPHrine (Nasal): Beta-Blockers (Nonselective) may enhance the hypertensive effect of EPINEPHrine (Nasal). Risk C: Monitor therapy

EPINEPHrine (Oral Inhalation): Beta-Blockers (Nonselective) may enhance the hypertensive effect of EPINEPHrine (Oral Inhalation). Risk C: Monitor therapy

Epinephrine (Racemic): Beta-Blockers (Nonselective) may enhance the hypertensive effect of Epinephrine (Racemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy

EPINEPHrine (Systemic): Beta-Blockers (Nonselective) may enhance the hypertensive effect of EPINEPHrine (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy

Ergot Derivatives (Vasoconstrictive CYP3A4 Substrates): Beta-Blockers may enhance the vasoconstricting effect of Ergot Derivatives (Vasoconstrictive CYP3A4 Substrates). Risk C: Monitor therapy

Etilefrine: May enhance the bradycardic effect of Beta-Blockers. Beta-Blockers may diminish the therapeutic effect of Etilefrine. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Etofylline: Beta-Blockers may diminish the therapeutic effect of Etofylline. Risk X: Avoid combination

Etrasimod: May enhance the bradycardic effect of Bradycardia-Causing Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Fexinidazole: Bradycardia-Causing Agents may enhance the arrhythmogenic effect of Fexinidazole. Risk X: Avoid combination

Fingolimod: Bradycardia-Causing Agents may enhance the bradycardic effect of Fingolimod. Management: Consult with the prescriber of any bradycardia-causing agent to see if the agent could be switched to an agent that does not cause bradycardia prior to initiating fingolimod. If combined, perform continuous ECG monitoring after the first fingolimod dose. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Flunarizine: May enhance the therapeutic effect of Antihypertensive Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Grass Pollen Allergen Extract (5 Grass Extract): Beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Grass Pollen Allergen Extract (5 Grass Extract). More specifically, Beta-Blockers may inhibit the ability to effectively treat severe allergic reactions to Grass Pollen Allergen Extract (5 Grass Extract) with epinephrine. Some other effects of epinephrine may be unaffected or even enhanced (e.g., vasoconstriction) during treatment with Beta-Blockers. Management: Consider alternatives to either grass pollen allergen extract (5 grass extract) or beta-blockers in patients with indications for both agents. Canadian product labeling specifically lists this combination as contraindicated. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Green Tea: May decrease the serum concentration of Nadolol. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Herbal Products with Blood Pressure Increasing Effects: May diminish the antihypertensive effect of Antihypertensive Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Herbal Products with Blood Pressure Lowering Effects: May enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Hypotension-Associated Agents: Blood Pressure Lowering Agents may enhance the hypotensive effect of Hypotension-Associated Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Indoramin: May enhance the hypotensive effect of Antihypertensive Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Insulins: Beta-Blockers (Nonselective) may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of Insulins. Beta-Blockers (Nonselective) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Insulins. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Isoproterenol: Beta-Blockers may diminish the therapeutic effect of Isoproterenol. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Ivabradine: Bradycardia-Causing Agents may enhance the bradycardic effect of Ivabradine. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Lacosamide: Bradycardia-Causing Agents may enhance the AV-blocking effect of Lacosamide. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Levodopa-Foslevodopa: Blood Pressure Lowering Agents may enhance the hypotensive effect of Levodopa-Foslevodopa. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Loop Diuretics: May enhance the hypotensive effect of Antihypertensive Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Lormetazepam: May enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Lumacaftor and Ivacaftor: May increase the serum concentration of P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors or Inducers). Lumacaftor and Ivacaftor may decrease the serum concentration of P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors or Inducers). Risk C: Monitor therapy

Mavacamten: Beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Mavacamten. Specifically, negative inotropic effects may be increased. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Methacholine: Beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Methacholine. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Methoxyflurane: May enhance the hypotensive effect of Beta-Blockers. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Methylphenidate: May diminish the antihypertensive effect of Antihypertensive Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Midodrine: May enhance the bradycardic effect of Bradycardia-Causing Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Mivacurium: Beta-Blockers may enhance the therapeutic effect of Mivacurium. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Molsidomine: May enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Naftopidil: May enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Nicergoline: May enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Nicorandil: May enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

NIFEdipine: May enhance the hypotensive effect of Beta-Blockers. NIFEdipine may enhance the negative inotropic effect of Beta-Blockers. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Nitrendipine: May enhance the therapeutic effect of Beta-Blockers. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Nitroprusside: Blood Pressure Lowering Agents may enhance the hypotensive effect of Nitroprusside. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents: May diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (Topical): May diminish the therapeutic effect of Beta-Blockers. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Obinutuzumab: May enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Management: Consider temporarily withholding blood pressure lowering medications beginning 12 hours prior to obinutuzumab infusion and continuing until 1 hour after the end of the infusion. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Ozanimod: May enhance the bradycardic effect of Bradycardia-Causing Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Pentoxifylline: May enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 Inhibitors: May increase the serum concentration of Nadolol. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Pholcodine: Blood Pressure Lowering Agents may enhance the hypotensive effect of Pholcodine. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors: May enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Ponesimod: Bradycardia-Causing Agents may enhance the bradycardic effect of Ponesimod. Management: Avoid coadministration of ponesimod with drugs that may cause bradycardia when possible. If combined, monitor heart rate closely and consider obtaining a cardiology consult. Do not initiate ponesimod in patients on beta-blockers if HR is less than 55 bpm. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Prazosin: Antihypertensive Agents may enhance the hypotensive effect of Prazosin. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Prostacyclin Analogues: May enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Quinagolide: May enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Reserpine: May enhance the bradycardic effect of Beta-Blockers. Reserpine may enhance the hypotensive effect of Beta-Blockers. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Rivastigmine: May enhance the bradycardic effect of Beta-Blockers. Risk X: Avoid combination

Silodosin: May enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Siponimod: Bradycardia-Causing Agents may enhance the bradycardic effect of Siponimod. Management: Avoid coadministration of siponimod with drugs that may cause bradycardia. If combined, consider obtaining a cardiology consult regarding patient monitoring. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Succinylcholine: Beta-Blockers may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Succinylcholine. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Sulfonylureas: Beta-Blockers (Nonselective) may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of Sulfonylureas. Beta-Blockers (Nonselective) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Sulfonylureas. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Tasimelteon: Beta-Blockers may diminish the therapeutic effect of Tasimelteon. Management: Consider avoiding nighttime administration of beta-blockers during tasimelteon therapy due to the potential for reduced tasimelteon efficacy. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Terazosin: Antihypertensive Agents may enhance the hypotensive effect of Terazosin. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Theophylline Derivatives: Beta-Blockers (Nonselective) may diminish the bronchodilatory effect of Theophylline Derivatives. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Tofacitinib: May enhance the bradycardic effect of Bradycardia-Causing Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Urapidil: Antihypertensive Agents may enhance the hypotensive effect of Urapidil. Risk C: Monitor therapy

White Birch Allergen Extract: Beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of White Birch Allergen Extract. Specifically, beta-blockers may reduce the effectiveness of beta-agonists that may be required to treat systemic reactions to white birch allergen extract. Risk X: Avoid combination

Reproductive Considerations

Medications considered acceptable for the treatment of chronic hypertension during pregnancy may generally be used in patients trying to conceive. Nadolol is not considered a preferred agent for use in pregnant patients; consider transitioning to a preferred agent in patients planning to become pregnant (ACC/AHA [Whelton 2018]; ACOG 2019).

Nadolol is effective for prevention of migraines. In general, preventive treatment for migraine in patients trying to become pregnant should be avoided. Options for patients planning a pregnancy should be considered as part of a shared decision-making process. Nonpharmacologic interventions should be considered initially. When needed, preventive treatment should be individualized considering the available safety data and needs of the patient should pregnancy occur. A gradual discontinuation of preventive medications is generally preferred when the decision is made to stop treatment prior to conception (ACOG 2022; AHS [Ailani 2021]).

Decreased libido and impotence are noted in product labeling following use of nadolol. As a class, outcomes from available studies evaluating beta-blockers and sexual dysfunction are inconsistent, and the negative effects on erectile function and libido are considered controversial. A clear relationship between use of beta-blockers and erectile dysfunction has not been established. Hypertension itself is associated with erectile dysfunction. Patients on a beta-blocker presenting with sexual dysfunction should be evaluated for underlying disease (Farmakis 2021; Levine 2012; Semet 2017; Terentes-Printzios 2022; Viigimaa 2020).

Pregnancy Considerations

Exposure to beta-blockers during pregnancy may increase the risk for adverse events in the neonate. Adverse events, such as bradycardia and hypoglycemia have been observed following in utero exposure to nadolol. If maternal use of a beta-blocker is needed, monitor fetal growth during pregnancy; monitor the newborn for 48 hours after delivery for bradycardia, hypoglycemia, and respiratory depression (ESC [Regitz-Zagrosek 2018]).

Chronic maternal hypertension is also associated with adverse events in the fetus/infant. Chronic maternal hypertension may increase the risk of birth defects, low birth weight, premature delivery, stillbirth, and neonatal death. Actual fetal/neonatal risks may be related to the duration and severity of maternal hypertension. Untreated chronic hypertension may also increase the risks of adverse maternal outcomes, including gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, delivery complications, stroke, and myocardial infarction (ACOG 2019).

Patients with preexisting hypertension may continue their medication during pregnancy unless contraindications exist (ESC [Regitz-Zagrosek 2018]). When treatment of hypertension is initiated during pregnancy, agents other than nadolol may be preferred (ACOG 2019; ESC [Cífková 2020]; ESC [Regitz-Zagrosek 2018]; SOGC [Magee 2022]).

In general, preventive treatment for migraine should be avoided during pregnancy. Options for pregnant patients should be considered as part of a shared decision-making process. Nonpharmacologic interventions should be considered initially. When needed, preventive treatment should be individualized considering the available safety data, the potential for adverse maternal and fetal events, and needs of the patient (ACOG 2022; AHS [Ailani 2021]). If preventive therapy is needed, beta-blockers may be considered (ACOG 2022); however, agents other than nadolol are preferred (CHS [Pringsheim 2012]).

Breastfeeding Considerations

Nadolol is present in breast milk.

Nadolol 80 mg/day was administered for 5 days to 12 normotensive breastfeeding women who had been breastfeeding for ≥1 month. The time to peak milk concentration was 6 hours after the oral dose, the half-life of nadolol in breast milk and maternal serum were similar, and nadolol was detected in breast milk for several days after the last maternal dose (Devlin 1981).

Due to the potential for serious adverse reactions in the breastfed infant, the manufacturer recommends a decision be made whether to discontinue breastfeeding or the drug, considering the importance of treatment to the mother. When treatment for hypertension is needed in a breastfeeding patient, consider use of an agent other than nadolol (ACOG 2019).

In general, preventive treatment for migraine in lactating patients should be avoided. When needed, therapy should be individualized considering the available safety data and needs of the patient (AHS [Ailani 2021]).

Monitoring Parameters

Heart rate, BP, ECG, signs and symptoms of bronchospasm in patients with existing bronchospastic disease; serum glucose (in patients with diabetes); mental alertness.

Reference Range

BP goal: May vary depending on clinical conditions, different clinical practice guidelines, and expert opinion. Refer to "Clinical Practice Guidelines" for specific treatment goals.

Mechanism of Action

Competitively blocks response to beta1- and beta2-adrenergic stimulation; does not exhibit any membrane stabilizing or intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Nonselective beta-adrenergic blockers (propranolol, nadolol) reduce portal pressure by producing splanchnic vasoconstriction (beta2 effect) thereby reducing portal blood flow.

Pharmacokinetics (Adult Data Unless Noted)

Duration: 17 to 24 hours

Absorption: ~30%

Distribution: Vd: ~2 L/kg

Protein binding: 30%

Metabolism: Not metabolized

Half-life elimination:

Infants 3 to 22 months (n=3): 3.2 to 4.3 hours (Mehta 1992)

Children 10 years (n=1): 15.7 hours (Mehta 1992)

Children ~15 years (n=1): 7.3 hours (Mehta 1992)

Adults: 20 to 24 hours; prolonged with renal impairment; (up to 45 hours in severe impairment) (Herrera 1979)

Time to peak, serum: 3 to 4 hours

Excretion: Urine (as unchanged drug)

Brand Names: International
International Brand Names by Country
For country code abbreviations (show table)

  • (AE) United Arab Emirates: Corgard;
  • (AR) Argentina: Corgard;
  • (BE) Belgium: Corgard;
  • (BR) Brazil: Corgard;
  • (CH) Switzerland: Corgard;
  • (CL) Chile: Corgard;
  • (CO) Colombia: Corgard;
  • (CZ) Czech Republic: Apo nadol | Corgard;
  • (DE) Germany: Solgol;
  • (EG) Egypt: Corgard;
  • (ES) Spain: Solgol;
  • (FR) France: Corgard | Nadolol Dci;
  • (GB) United Kingdom: Corgard;
  • (GR) Greece: Corgard;
  • (HK) Hong Kong: Corgard;
  • (ID) Indonesia: Corgard | Farmagard;
  • (IE) Ireland: Corgard;
  • (IT) Italy: Corgard | Nadololo sanofi;
  • (JO) Jordan: Corgard;
  • (JP) Japan: Begen | Donalock | Isacol | Nadic dainippon | Nadol | Naodoriru | Saitamin;
  • (KR) Korea, Republic of: Corgard | Nadogard;
  • (KW) Kuwait: Corgard;
  • (LB) Lebanon: Corgard;
  • (LT) Lithuania: Apo nadol | Corgard;
  • (LU) Luxembourg: Corgard;
  • (LV) Latvia: Corgard;
  • (MX) Mexico: Corgard;
  • (NO) Norway: Apo-nadolol | Nadolol bluepoint;
  • (NZ) New Zealand: Apo-nadolol | Corgard;
  • (PE) Peru: Corgard;
  • (PK) Pakistan: Corgard;
  • (PL) Poland: Apo nadol | Corgard | Solgol;
  • (PR) Puerto Rico: Corgard;
  • (PT) Portugal: Anabet | Corgard;
  • (RU) Russian Federation: Corgard;
  • (SA) Saudi Arabia: Apo-nadolol;
  • (SI) Slovenia: Corgard;
  • (TH) Thailand: Corgard;
  • (TW) Taiwan: Corgard;
  • (UY) Uruguay: Corgard;
  • (VE) Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of: Corgard;
  • (ZA) South Africa: Corgard
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