Anterior axio-appendicular muscles and descriptions

Muscle	Proximal attachment	Distal attachment	Innervation*	Main action
Pectoralis major	Clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle	Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus	Lateral and medial pectoral nerves; clavicular head (C5, C6), sternocostal head (C7, C8, T1)	Adducts and medially rotates humerus; draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly Acting alone, clavicular head flexes humerus and sternocostal head extends it from the flexed position
Pectoralis minor	3rd - 5th ribs near their costal cartilages	Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula	Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)	Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
Subclavius	Junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage	Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle	Nerve to subclavius (C5, C6)	Anchors and depresses clavicle
Serratus anterior	External surfaces of lateral parts of 1st - 8th ribs	Anterior surface of medial border of scapula	Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)	Protracts scapula and holds it against thoracic wall; rotates scapula

* The spinal cord segmental innervation is indicated (eg, "C5, C6" means that the nerves supplying the subclavius are derived from the fifth and sixth cervical segments of the spinal cord). Numbers in boldface (C5) indicate the main segmental innervation. Damage to one or more of the listed spinal cord segments or to the motor nerve roots arising from them results in paralysis of the muscles concerned.

Reproduced with permission from: Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 7th ed, Moore KL, Agur AM, Dalley AF (Eds), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 2013. Copyright © 2013 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. www.lww.com.

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Anterior axio-appendicular muscles and descriptions