The Ludwig staging system for primary biliary cholangitis

Stage	Definition
1	Portal hepatitis
2	Periportal hepatitis
3	Bridging fibrosis or necrosis
4	Cirrhosis

Source: Ludwig J, Dickson ER, McDonald GS. Staging of chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis (syndrome of primary biliary cirrhosis). Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol 1978; 379:103.

Graphic 98138 Version 2.0

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