Cardiac |
Thrombus |
- Left ventricle
- Prior myocardial infarction
- Dilated cardiomyopathy with reduced cardiac output
|
- Left atrium
- Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter
- Mitral stenosis
- Cardiac amyloidosis
|
- Prosthetic valve (mitral or aortic) thrombus
|
- Systemic venous or right heart thrombus with paradoxical embolization via right-to-left intracardiac shunt
- Atrial septal defect
- Patent foramen ovale
- Atrial septal aneurysm
|
Nonthrombotic masses |
- Tumor
- Myxoma
- Papillary fibroelastoma
|
- Vegetation
- Infectious endocarditis
- Noninfectious (marantic) endocarditis
- Underlying malignancy
- Systemic inflammatory disease (ie, SLE, RA)
- Sepsis
- Severe burns
|
- Mitral annular calcification
|
Aortic |
Complex atheroma (protruding >4 mm, mobile component, and/or plaque ulceration) |