Grading criteria for paravalvular aortic regurgitation

(A) Schematic and illustrated representation of the short axis view at the level of the aortic valve by echocardiography. Image credit: CC Patrick J. Lynch and C. Carl Jaffe, Yale University, 2006.
(B) Echocardiographic and schematic illustrations of the short axis view of the aortic valve. Paravalvular AR can be graded according to the circumferential extent of the regurgitant jet. Paravalvular AR can be graded as mild, moderate, or severe based on a circumferential extent of <10%, 10 to 20, or >20%, respectively. Leon MB, Piazza N, Nikolsky E, et al. Standardized endpoint definitions for transcatheter aortic valve implantation clinical trials: a consensus report from the Valve Academic Research Consortium. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57:253-69.