Aspiration prophylaxis in patients undergoing anesthesia: Oral: 150 mg the evening prior to anesthesia induction (recommended) or 150 mg two hours prior to anesthesia induction. May administer 150 mg every 6 hours in prepartum patients. May be given with a rapid-acting nonparticulate antacid (eg, sodium citrate).
Gastroesophageal reflux disease: Oral: Acute treatment: 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg once daily at bedtime for up to 8 weeks; in patients with moderate to severe esophagitis, may increase to 150 mg four times daily for up to 12 weeks; long-term maintenance: 150 mg twice daily.
NSAID-induced lesions: Note: Although a labeled indication, H2-receptor antagonists (eg, ranitidine) are not preferred for the treatment or prevention of NSAID-induced lesions due to the availability of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (Ref).
Oral: Treatment: 150 mg twice daily for 8 to 12 weeks; prevention: 150 mg twice daily administered concomitantly with NSAID.
Pathological hypersecretory conditions (eg, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome [gastrinoma]): Note: Although a labeled indication, clinical experience suggests that H2-receptor antagonists (eg, ranitidine) are not preferred for controlling acid hypersecretion in pathological hypersecretory conditions (eg, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) due to the availability of PPIs (Ref).
Oral: Initial: 150 mg three times daily; more frequent administration may be needed in some patients. Adjust dose to individual needs; doses up to 6 g/day have been tolerated.
Peptic ulcer disease (duodenal or benign gastric ulcers) (alternative agent): Note: Although a labeled indication, current guidelines recommend PPIs as standard of care for treatment of peptic ulcer disease rather than H2-receptor antagonists (eg, ranitidine) (Ref).
Initial: Oral: 300 mg once daily at bedtime or 150 mg twice daily for up to 8 weeks; may consider 300 mg twice daily for 4 weeks for more rapid healing.
Maintenance therapy: Oral: 150 mg once daily at bedtime; 300 mg once daily may be required in patients who smoke.
Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.
CrCl ≥50 mL/minute: No dosage adjustment necessary.
CrCl <50 mL/minute: Decrease dose by 50%; 150 mg every 24 hours is recommended.
There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer’s labeling; use with caution.
Start at lowest recommended dose and adjust as needed; refer to adult dosing.
(For additional information see "Ranitidine (United States: Withdrawn from market): Pediatric drug information")
Note : As of April 2020, all prescription (including oral and injectable) and OTC ranitidine formulations have been withdrawn from the US market.
Duodenal or gastric ulcer:
Treatment:
Infants, Children, and Adolescents ≤16 years:
Oral: 4 to 8 mg/kg/day divided twice daily; maximum daily dose: 300 mg/day.
IV: 2 to 4 mg/kg/day divided every 6 to 8 hours; maximum dose: 50 mg/dose.
Adolescents >16 years:
Oral:
Duodenal ulcer: 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg once daily after the evening meal or at bedtime.
Gastric ulcer: 150 mg twice daily.
IV, IM: 50 mg every 6 to 8 hours.
Maintenance:
Infants, Children, and Adolescents ≤16 years: Oral: 2 to 4 mg/kg/day once daily; maximum daily dose: 150 mg/day.
Adolescents >16 years: Oral: 150 mg once daily at bedtime.
Erosive esophagitis:
Infants, Children, and Adolescents ≤16 years: Oral: 5 to 10 mg/kg/day divided twice daily; maximum dose: 150 mg/dose.
Adolescents >16 years: Oral:
Treatment: 150 mg 4 times daily.
Maintenance: 150 mg twice daily.
GI bleed or stress ulcer; prophylaxis: Limited data available; dosing regimens variable:
Intermittent IV infusion:
Infants: 2 to 6 mg/kg/day divided every 8 hours (Ref).
Children and Adolescents: 2 to 6 mg/kg/day divided every 6 hours; maximum daily dose: 300 mg/day (Ref).
Continuous IV infusion: Infants, Children, and Adolescents: Initial: 0.15 to 0.5 mg/kg/dose for 1 dose, followed by infusion of 0.08 to 0.2 mg/kg/hour (2 to 5 mg/kg/day) (Ref).
Gastroesophageal reflux disease: Note: Guidelines recommend a 4- to 8-week treatment course; if improvement seen after 4 to 8 weeks, consider possible wean; if no response after 4 to 8 weeks, reevaluate diagnosis and consider referral to pediatric GI specialist (Ref).
Infants, Children, and Adolescents: Oral: 5 to 10 mg/kg/day in 2 to 3 divided doses; maximum daily dose: 300 mg/day (Ref).
Heartburn: OTC labeling: Note: Do not use for more than 14 days.
Prevention: Children ≥12 years and Adolescents: Oral: 75 to 150 mg 30 to 60 minutes before eating food or drinking beverages which cause heartburn; maximum daily dose: 2 doses/day.
Relief of symptoms: Children ≥12 years and Adolescents: Oral: 75 to 150 mg twice daily; maximum daily dose: 2 doses/day.
Pathological hypersecretory conditions (eg, Zollinger-Ellison): Note: Proton pump inhibitors are the preferred agents (Ref).
Adolescents >16 years:
Oral: 150 mg twice daily; adjust dose or frequency as clinically indicated; doses of up to 6 g/day have been used.
Continuous IV infusion: Initial: 1 mg/kg/hour; measure gastric acid output at 4 hours, if >10 mEq/hour or if patient is symptomatic, increase dose in increments of 0.5 mg/kg/hour; doses of up to 2.5 mg/kg/hour (or 220 mg/hour) have been used.
Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.
Infants, Children, and Adolescents (Ref):
Oral: Based on a usual dose of 2 to 6 mg/kg/day divided every 8 to 12 hours.
GFR >50 mL/minute/1.73 m2: No adjustment required.
GFR 30 to 50 mL/minute/1.73 m2: 2 mg/kg/dose every 12 hours.
GFR 10 to 29 mL/minute/1.73 m2: 1 mg/kg/dose every 12 hours.
GFR <10 mL/minute/1.73 m2: 1 mg/kg/dose every 24 hours.
Hemodialysis: 1 mg/kg/dose every 24 hours.
Peritoneal dialysis: 1 mg/kg/dose every 24 hours.
Continuous renal replacement therapy: 2 mg/kg/dose every 12 hours.
Parenteral (IV): Based on a usual dose of 2 to 4 mg/kg/day divided every 6 to 24 hours.
GFR >50 mL/minute/1.73 m2: No adjustment required.
GFR 30 to 50 mL/minute/1.73 m2: 1 mg/kg/dose every 12 hours.
GFR 10 to 29 mL/minute/1.73 m2: 0.5 mg/kg/dose every 12 hours.
GFR <10 mL/minute/1.73 m2: 0.5 mg/kg/dose every 24 hours.
Hemodialysis: 0.5 mg/kg/dose every 24 hours.
Peritoneal dialysis: 0.5 mg/kg/dose every 24 hours.
Continuous renal replacement therapy: 1 mg/kg/dose every 12 hours.
There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling; use with caution.
The following adverse drug reactions are derived from product labeling unless otherwise specified.
Frequency not defined:
Cardiovascular: Atrioventricular block, bradycardia, premature ventricular contractions, tachycardia, vasculitis
Dermatologic: Alopecia, erythema multiforme, skin rash
Gastrointestinal: Abdominal distress, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, necrotizing enterocolitis (very low birth weight neonates; Guillet 2006), pancreatitis, vomiting
Genitourinary: Breast changes (including galactorrhea not associated with childbirth, gynecomastia), erectile dysfunction
Hematologic & oncologic: Agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, bone marrow depression, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia
Hepatic: Cholestatic hepatitis, hepatitis, hepatocellular hepatitis, jaundice
Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity reaction (including anaphylaxis, angioedema)
Nervous system: Agitation, confusion, depression, dizziness, drowsiness, hallucination, headache (may be severe), insomnia, involuntary motor activity, malaise, vertigo
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Arthralgia, myalgia
Ophthalmic: Blurred vision
Renal: Acute interstitial nephritis, increased serum creatinine
Hypersensitivity to ranitidine or any component of the formulation.
Concerns related to adverse effects:
• Community-acquired pneumonia: An increased risk in developing community-acquired pneumonia has been reported in patients with chronic lung disease, diabetes, and/or immunocompromised and older patients when using H2-receptor antagonists.
• Confusion: Rare cases of reversible confusion have been associated with ranitidine; usually elderly or severely ill patients, or in patients with renal or hepatic impairment.
• Vitamin B12 deficiency: Prolonged treatment (≥2 years) may lead to vitamin B12 malabsorption and subsequent vitamin B12 deficiency. The magnitude of the deficiency is dose-related and the association is stronger in females and those younger in age (<30 years); prevalence is decreased after discontinuation of therapy (Lam 2013).
Disease-related concerns:
• Gastric malignancy: Relief of symptoms does not preclude the presence of a gastric malignancy.
• Porphyria: Avoid use in patients with a history of acute porphyria; may precipitate attacks.
Special populations:
• Children: Use of gastric acid inhibitors, including proton pump inhibitors and H2 blockers, has been associated with an increased risk for development of acute gastroenteritis and community-acquired pneumonia in pediatric patients (Canani 2006).
Use of gastric acid inhibitors, including proton pump inhibitors and H2 blockers, has been associated with an increased risk for development of acute gastroenteritis and community-acquired pneumonia in pediatric patients 4 to 36 months (Canani 2006). A large epidemiological study has suggested an increased risk for developing pneumonia in patients receiving H2 receptor antagonists; however, a causal relationship with ranitidine has not been demonstrated. A cohort analysis including over 11,000 neonates reported an association of H2 blocker use and an increased incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates (Guillet 2006). An approximate six-fold increase in mortality, NEC, and infection (ie, sepsis, pneumonia, urinary tract infection) was reported in patients receiving ranitidine in a cohort analysis of 274 VLBW neonates (Terrin 2012). Routine use in preterm infants is not recommended (AAP [Eichenwald 2018]). Gastric acid suppression medications, including H2 blockers, have also been associated with an increase in Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and recurrent CDI in pediatric patients (Nylund 2014).
Not available in the US.
No
Capsules (raNITIdine HCl Oral)
150 mg (per each): $1.52
300 mg (per each): $2.74
Solution (raNITIdine HCl Injection)
50 mg/2 mL (per mL): $7.73
150 mg/6 mL (per mL): $7.74
1000 mg/40 mL (per mL): $7.16
Solution (Zantac Injection)
50 mg/2 mL (per mL): $9.90
Syrup (raNITIdine HCl Oral)
15 mg/mL (per mL): $0.74
Tablets (raNITIdine HCl Oral)
75 mg (per each): $0.07
150 mg (per each): $1.48 - $1.75
300 mg (per each): $2.69 - $3.22
Tablets (Zantac 150 Maximum Strength Oral)
150 mg (per each): $0.34
Tablets (Zantac 75 Oral)
75 mg (per each): $0.30
Disclaimer: A representative AWP (Average Wholesale Price) price or price range is provided as reference price only. A range is provided when more than one manufacturer's AWP price is available and uses the low and high price reported by the manufacturers to determine the range. The pricing data should be used for benchmarking purposes only, and as such should not be used alone to set or adjudicate any prices for reimbursement or purchasing functions or considered to be an exact price for a single product and/or manufacturer. Medi-Span expressly disclaims all warranties of any kind or nature, whether express or implied, and assumes no liability with respect to accuracy of price or price range data published in its solutions. In no event shall Medi-Span be liable for special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages arising from use of price or price range data. Pricing data is updated monthly.
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling. [DSC] = Discontinued product
Capsule, Oral:
Zantac C: 150 mg, 300 mg [contains soybean lecithin]
Solution, Oral:
Generic: 15 mg/mL ([DSC])
Tablet, Oral:
Generic: 150 mg, 300 mg
Oral: Administer with or without food.
Oral: Administer with meals and/or at bedtime.
Parenteral:
IV: Must be diluted prior to administration; may be administered IV push, intermittent IV infusion, or continuous IV infusion.
Intermittent IV infusion: Preferred over IV push to decrease risk of bradycardia; infuse over 15 to 20 minutes.
IV push: Manufacturer recommends administering over a period of at least 5 minutes, not to exceed 10 mg/minute (4 mL/minute).
Continuous IV infusion: Administer at ordered rate; titration may be necessary for some conditions.
IM: Administer undiluted.
IV infusion: 0.5 mg/mL
Note: Not approved in the United States.
Aspiration prophylaxis in patients undergoing anesthesia: Prevention of acid aspiration syndrome from general anesthesia in at-risk patients (eg, obstetrical patients in labor, patients with obesity).
Gastroesophageal reflux disease: Treatment of reflux esophagitis.
NSAID-induced lesions: Treatment of NSAID-induced lesions (eg, ulcers, erosions) and associated GI symptoms; prevention of NSAID-induced lesion recurrence.
Note: Although a labeled indication, H2-receptor antagonists (eg, ranitidine) are not preferred for the treatment or prevention of NSAID-induced lesions due to the availability of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (Ref).
Pathological hypersecretory conditions (eg, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome [gastrinoma]): Treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions (eg, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome).
Note: Although a labeled indication, clinical experience suggests that H2-receptor antagonists (eg, ranitidine) are not preferred for controlling acid hypersecretion in pathological hypersecretory conditions (eg, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) due to the availability of PPIs (Ref).
Peptic ulcer disease: Treatment of duodenal, benign gastric, or postoperative peptic ulcers; prophylaxis and maintenance treatment of duodenal or benign gastric ulcer in patients with a history of recurrent ulceration prophylaxis of recurrent hemorrhage from bleeding ulcers.
Note: Although a labeled indication, current guidelines recommend PPIs as standard of care for treatment of peptic ulcer disease rather than H2-receptor antagonists (eg, ranitidine) (Ref).
Stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients: Prophylaxis of GI hemorrhage from stress ulceration in critically ill patients (Ref).
RaNITIdine may be confused with amantadine, riMANTAdine
Substrate of CYP1A2 (Minor), CYP2C19 (Minor), CYP2D6 (Minor), OCT1, OCT2, P-glycoprotein (Minor); Note: Assignment of Major/Minor substrate status based on clinically relevant drug interaction potential;
Note: Interacting drugs may not be individually listed below if they are part of a group interaction (eg, individual drugs within “CYP3A4 Inducers [Strong]” are NOT listed). For a complete list of drug interactions by individual drug name and detailed management recommendations, use the drug interactions program by clicking on the “Launch drug interactions program” link above.
Acalabrutinib: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Acalabrutinib. Management: Give acalabrutinib capsules 2 hours before a histamine H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA). No action is required if acalabrutinib tablets are coadministered with H2RAs. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Atazanavir: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Atazanavir. Management: Specific dose limitations and administration guidelines exist; consult full interaction monograph or atazanavir prescribing information. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Belumosudil: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Belumosudil. Risk C: Monitor
Bosutinib: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Bosutinib. Management: Administer histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) more than 2 hours before or after bosutinib. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Cefditoren: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Cefditoren. Risk X: Avoid
Cefpodoxime: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Cefpodoxime. Risk C: Monitor
Cefuroxime: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease absorption of Cefuroxime. Management: Avoid concomitant use of oral cefuroxime axetil and H2 receptor antagonists if possible. If combined, ensure oral cefuroxime axetil is taken with food to minimize the magnitude of this interaction. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Cysteamine (Systemic): Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease therapeutic effects of Cysteamine (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor
Dacomitinib: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Dacomitinib. Management: Administer dacomitinib at least 6 hours before or 10 hours after an histamine H2-receptor antagonist (H2RA). Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Dasatinib: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease absorption of Dasatinib. Management: Do not administer H2RAs with dasatinib. Antacids (taken 2 hours before or after dasatinib) can be used in place of H2-antagonists if some acid-reducing therapy is needed. No interaction is expected with the Phyrago brand of dasatinib. Risk X: Avoid
Doxofylline: RaNITIdine may increase serum concentration of Doxofylline. Risk C: Monitor
Erlotinib: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Erlotinib. Management: Avoid H2-antagonists in patients receiving erlotinib when possible. If concomitant treatment cannot be avoided, erlotinib should be dosed once daily, 10 hours after and at least 2 hours before H2-antagonist dosing. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Fosamprenavir: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Fosamprenavir. Cimetidine may also inhibit the metabolism of the active metabolite amprenavir, making its effects on fosamprenavir/amprenavir concentrations difficult to predict. Risk C: Monitor
Gefitinib: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Gefitinib. Management: Administer gefitinib at least 6 hours before or 6 hours after administration of a histamine H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA), and closely monitor clinical response to gefitinib. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
GlipiZIDE: RaNITIdine may increase serum concentration of GlipiZIDE. Risk C: Monitor
GlyBURIDE: RaNITIdine may increase hypoglycemic effects of GlyBURIDE. Risk C: Monitor
Indinavir: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Indinavir. Risk C: Monitor
Itraconazole: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may increase serum concentration of Itraconazole. Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Itraconazole. Management: Administer Sporanox brand itraconazole at least 2 hours before or 2 hours after administration of any histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs). Exposure to Tolsura brand itraconazole may be increased by H2RAs; consider itraconazole dose reduction. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Ketoconazole (Systemic): Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Ketoconazole (Systemic). Management: Administer ketoconazole with an acidic beverage (eg, non-diet cola) and monitor for reduced efficacy if concomitant use with a H2RA is required. Increases in ketoconazole dose may be required. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Ledipasvir: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Ledipasvir. Management: Administer H2 receptor antagonist doses less than or comparable to famotidine 40 mg twice daily simultaneously or 12 hours prior to ledipasvir. The effect of administering H2 receptor antagonists at other time intervals is unknown and not recommended. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Levoketoconazole: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease absorption of Levoketoconazole. Risk X: Avoid
Lomitapide: RaNITIdine may increase serum concentration of Lomitapide. Management: Patients taking lomitapide 10 mg/day or more should decrease the lomitapide dose by half with concurrent ranitidine; the lomitapide dose may then be increased to a max adult dose of 30 mg/day (patients on lomitapide 5 mg/day may continue that dose). Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Lumacaftor and Ivacaftor: May decrease serum concentration of RaNITIdine. Lumacaftor and Ivacaftor may increase serum concentration of RaNITIdine. Risk C: Monitor
Nelfinavir: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Nelfinavir. Concentrations of the active M8 metabolite may also be reduced. Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease active metabolite exposure of Nelfinavir. Risk C: Monitor
Neratinib: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Neratinib. Specifically, histamine H2 receptor antagonists may reduce neratinib absorption. Management: Administer neratinib at least 2 hours before or 10 hours after administration of a histamine H2 receptor antagonist to minimize the impact of this interaction. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
NIFEdipine (Topical): RaNITIdine may increase serum concentration of NIFEdipine (Topical). Risk C: Monitor
Nilotinib: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Nilotinib. Management: The nilotinib dose should be given 10 hours after or 2 hours before the H2 receptor antagonist in order to minimize the risk of a significant interaction. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Nirogacestat: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Nirogacestat. Risk X: Avoid
Octreotide: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Octreotide. Risk C: Monitor
PAZOPanib: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of PAZOPanib. Risk X: Avoid
Pexidartinib: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Pexidartinib. Management: Administer pexidartinib 2 hours before or 10 hours after histamine H2 receptor antagonists. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Posaconazole: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Posaconazole. Risk C: Monitor
Procainamide: RaNITIdine may increase serum concentration of Procainamide. Ranitidine may also increase the concentration of the active N-acetyl-procainamide (NAPA) metabolite. Risk C: Monitor
Rilpivirine: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Rilpivirine. Management: Administer histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) at least 12 hours before or 4 hours after oral rilpivirine. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Risedronate: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may increase serum concentration of Risedronate. This applies specifically to delayed-release risedronate. Risk X: Avoid
Saquinavir: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may increase serum concentration of Saquinavir. Management: Consider alternatives to this combination for patients taking the Invirase formulation of saquinavir. No action beyond standard clinical care measures is required for patients taking the Fortovase formulation of saquinavir. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Secretin: Coadministration of Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists and Secretin may alter diagnostic results. Specifically, use of H2-Antagonists may cause a hyperresponse in gastrin secretion in response to secretin stimulation testing, falsely suggesting gastrinoma. Management: Avoid concomitant use of histamine H2-antagonists (H2RAs) and secretin. Discontinue H2RAs at least 2 days prior to secretin administration. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Selpercatinib: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Selpercatinib. Management: Coadministration of selpercatinib and H2 receptor antagonists should be avoided. If coadministration cannot be avoided, selpercatinib should be administered 2 hours before or 10 hours after H2 receptor antagonists. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Sotorasib: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Sotorasib. Risk X: Avoid
Sparsentan: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Sparsentan. Risk X: Avoid
Sulpiride: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Sulpiride. Management: Consider alternatives to this combination, such as antacids given 2 hours after sulpiride, if possible. This does not apply when sulpiride and H2RAs are intentionally coadministered for the treatment of duodenal ulcers. Risk D: Consider Therapy Modification
Triazolam: RaNITIdine may increase serum concentration of Triazolam. Risk C: Monitor
Velpatasvir: Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists may decrease serum concentration of Velpatasvir. Risk C: Monitor
Warfarin: RaNITIdine may increase serum concentration of Warfarin. Risk C: Monitor
Prolonged treatment (≥2 years) may lead to malabsorption of dietary vitamin B12 and subsequent vitamin B12 deficiency (Lam 2013).
Ranitidine crosses the placenta (Armentano 1989).
Ranitidine is present in breast milk.
AST, ALT, serum creatinine; occult blood with GI bleeding, signs/symptoms of peptic ulcer disease; when used to prevent stress-related GI bleeding, measure the intragastric pH and try to maintain pH >4; when used for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, monitor gastric acid secretion (goal: <10 mEq/hour); signs of confusion
Competitive inhibition of histamine at H2-receptors of the gastric parietal cells, which inhibits gastric acid secretion, gastric volume, and hydrogen ion concentration are reduced. Does not affect pepsin secretion, pentagastrin-stimulated intrinsic factor secretion, or serum gastrin.
Absorption: 50%.
Distribution: Vd: 96 to 142 L.
Protein binding: ~15%.
Metabolism: Hepatic (minor) to N-oxide, S-oxide, and N-desmethyl metabolites.
Half-life elimination: 2 to 3 hours.
Time to peak, serum: 2 to 3 hours.
Excretion: Urine (as unchanged drug): 35%; feces: 26%; bile: <3%.
Altered kidney function: Plasma levels are increased and elimination is prolonged in patients with altered kidney function.
Hepatic function impairment (compensated cirrhosis): Studies found minor but clinically significant differences in half-life, bioavailability, clearance, and volume of distribution.
Pediatric: In pediatric cardiac failure, clearance may be reduced. In a prospective population pharmacokinetic study of critically ill pediatric patients (n=78; age range: 15 days to 15.51 years), cardiac failure/surgery was found to reduce clearance by a factor of 0.463 (Hawwa 2013).