دسترسی یکساله به بیش از ۵۰۰ ژورنال روز جهان موجود در سامانه
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Effect of Probiotic Use on Antibiotic Administration Among Care Home Residents: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Christopher C. Butler, MD; Mandy Lau, BSc; David Gillespie, PhD; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.8556
JAMA. 2020;324(1):47-56.
This randomized clinical trial compares the effects of daily combination probiotics (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp) vs placebo on cumulative antibiotic use for all-cause infections over 1 year among care home residents in Wales.
Association of Noninvasive Oxygenation Strategies With All-Cause Mortality in Adults With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Bruno L. Ferreyro, MD; Federico Angriman, MD, MPH; Laveena Munshi, MD, MSc; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.9524
JAMA. 2020;324(1):57-67.
This network meta-analysis of randomized trials estimates association of use of noninvasive ventilation (high-flow nasal oxygen; face mask or helmet noninvasive ventilation) vs standard oxygen therapy with mortality and endotracheal intubation among adults with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.
Association of Statin Use With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in US Veterans 75 Years and Older
Ariela R. Orkaby, MD, MPH; Jane A. Driver, MD, MPH; Yuk-Lam Ho, MPH; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.7848
JAMA. 2020;324(1):68-78.
This retrospective cohort study uses Veterans Health Administration data on adults free of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) to evaluate the association between new statin use and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and a composite of ASCVD events (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and revascularization with CABG surgery or PCI), in veterans 75 years and older.
Psychological Distress and Loneliness Reported by US Adults in 2018 and April 2020
Emma E. McGinty, PhD; Rachel Presskreischer, MS; Hahrie Han, PhD; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.9740
JAMA. 2020;324(1):93-94.
This study used national survey data to compare the prevalence symptoms of psychological distress and loneliness among US adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in April 2020 vs those reported in the National Health Interview Survey in 2018.
Correlation Between N95 Extended Use and Reuse and Fit Failure in an Emergency Department
Nida F. Degesys, MD; Ralph C. Wang, MD, MAS; Elizabeth Kwan, MD; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.9843
JAMA. 2020;324(1):94-96.
This cross-sectional study examines prevalence of fit test failure of 2 types of N95 mask (dome-shaped and duckbill) during extended use or reuse among health care workers over 2 days in April 2020 in the UCSF emergency department.
Admissions to Veterans Affairs Hospitals for Emergency Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Aaron Baum, PhD; Mark D. Schwartz, MD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.9972
JAMA. 2020;324(1):96-99.
To assess the effect of COVID-19 on health care, this study compares admissions data from the Veterans Affairs system for overall admissions and for 6 common emergencies immediately before and for 6 weeks during the pandemic.
Divergence in Timing and Magnitude of Testosterone Levels Between Male and Female Youths
Jonathon W. Senefeld, PhD; Doriane Lambelet Coleman, JD; Patrick W. Johnson; et al.
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.5655
JAMA. 2020;324(1):99-101.
This study uses national survey data to describe testosterone levels by age in youths aged 6 to 20 years and the onset and magnitude of divergence in levels between boys and girls.
Outpatient Treatment at Home for Medicare Beneficiaries During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Justin E. Bekelman, MD; Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD; Amol S. Navathe, MD, PhD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.9017
JAMA. 2020;324(1):21-22.
This Viewpoint explains CMS’ April 2020 policy waiver permitting relocation of outpatient services to home settings and reimbursing those services at higher rates, and it proposes ways CMS can accelerate innovation around the policy change to incentivize sustained better health care outcomes and lower costs.
Nursing Home Care in Crisis in the Wake of COVID-19
David C. Grabowski, PhD; Vincent Mor, PhD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.8524
JAMA. 2020;324(1):23-24.
This Viewpoint discusses the long-standing deficiencies in nursing home financing and organization made worse by the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and proposes ways to improve testing and personal protective equipment availability, and payment reforms to incentivize quality care for residents and decrease emergency department and hospital use.
The Importance of Long-term Care Populations in Models of COVID-19
Karl Pillemer, PhD; Lakshminarayanan Subramanian, PhD; Nathaniel Hupert, MD, MPH
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.9540
JAMA. 2020;324(1):25-26.
This Viewpoint discusses the importance of distinguishing rates and patterns of disease in long-term care vs general populations when developing mathematical models to predict the future spread of COVID-19 infection.
The Importance of Proper Death Certification During the COVID-19 Pandemic
James R. Gill, MD; Maura E. DeJoseph, DO
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.9536
JAMA. 2020;324(1):27-28
This Viewpoint emphasizes the importance of accurate, detailed documentation of cause of death, underlying medical disease, and contributing comorbidities to allow public health agencies to track and manage the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic based on timely and accurate classifications.
Potential Implications of COVID-19 for the 2020-2021 Residency Application Cycle
Maya M. Hammoud, MD, MBA; Taylor Standiford, BS; J. Bryan Carmody, MD, MPH
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.8911
JAMA. 2020;324(1):29-30.
This Viewpoint proposes ways to reform the residency application process, given stresses likely to be placed on applicants and programs from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, including limiting the number of applications, making more program information available online, and capping the number of interviews applicants can accept.
Ensuring Access to Medications in the US During the COVID-19 Pandemic
G. Caleb Alexander, MD, MS; Dima M. Qato, PharmD, MPH, PhD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.6016
JAMA. 2020;324(1):31-32.
This Viewpoint proposes strategies to ensure adequate supply and distribution of medication in the US during and beyond the coronavirus pandemic, including development and funding of a national essential medicines supply, allocation strategies to prevent stockpiling, and funding of home delivery services to ensure adequate access for lower income and underserved populations.
Conducting Clinical Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Protecting Scientific Integrity
Thomas R. Fleming, PhD; Dominic Labriola, PhD; Janet Wittes, PhD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.9286
JAMA. 2020;324(1):33-34.
This Viewpoint discusses procedures to ensure the safety of RCT participants without sacrificing the validity of trials conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, including home-based test drug administration and outcome measurement, prespecifying stopping rules for pandemic-related interruptions, and stratifying analyses by pandemic-imposed differences in study conduct.
Hospice Carve-In—Aligning Benefits With Patient and Family Needs
William H. Shrank, MD, MSHS; Kristin Russell, MD, MBA; Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.8459
JAMA. 2020;324(1):35-36.
This Viewpoint describes the hospice benefit that CMS plans to test in 2021 to support the end-of-life needs and preferences of Medicare Advantage beneficiaries, their families, and their caregivers.
Integrating Responses to the Opioid Use Disorder and Infectious Disease Epidemics: A Report From the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Sandra A. Springer, MD; Andrew P. Merluzzi, PhD, MPA; Carlos del Rio, MD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.2559
JAMA. 2020;324(1):37-38.
In the context of an increase in infectious diseases occurring in association with the US epidemic of opioid use disorder (OUD), this Viewpoint summarizes recommendations from a recent National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) committee report intended to facilitate and integrate public health responses to both.
Treating Patients With Opioid Use Disorder in Their Homes: An Emerging Treatment Model
Lori Uscher-Pines, PhD; Haiden A. Huskamp, PhD; Ateev Mehrotra, MD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.3940
JAMA. 2020;324(1):39-40.
This Viewpoint discusses the emergence of telehealth as a model for providing medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorder (OUD), and the advantages and disadvantages of the approach for underserved patient populations.
A Healing Handicraft
Lealani Mae Y. Acosta, MD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.10239
JAMA. 2020;324(1):41-42.
In this narrative medicine essay, a neurologist recounts the importance of handicraft to the sense of purpose of a patient with worsening dementia and finds similarities between the activity of knitting and the craft of practicing medicine.
Alternatives to Invasive Ventilation in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Bhakti K. Patel, MD; John P. Kress, MD; Jesse B. Hall, MD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.9611
JAMA. 2020;324(1):43-44.
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Statins for Primary Prevention in the Elderly: The Importance of Rigorous Evidence
Stephen J. Nicholls, MBBS, PhD; Adam J. Nelson, MBBS, PhD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.8390
JAMA. 2020;324(1):45-46.
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Systemic Amyloidosis Recognition, Prognosis, and Therapy: A Systematic Review
Morie A. Gertz, MD; Angela Dispenzieri, MD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.5493
JAMA. 2020;324(1):79-89.
This systematic review summarizes the characteristic presentations, diagnosis, and management of immunoglobulin light chain (AL) and amyloid transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis.
Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy in 2020
Brian C. Callaghan, MD, MS; Ray S. Price, MD; Eva L. Feldman, MD, PhD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.0700
JAMA. 2020;324(1):90-91.
This JAMA Insights Clinical Update reviews the diagnosis and management of distal symmetric neuropathy, including control of risk factors (eg, high glucose in type 1 diabetes, weight loss) and use of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies (eg, SNRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, gabapentinoids).
Challenge Trials—Could Deliberate Coronavirus Exposure Hasten Vaccine Development?
Rita Rubin, MA
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.9881
JAMA. 2020;324(1):12-14.
This Medical News feature discusses the debate over human challenge trials to test the safety and efficacy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine candidates.
Relief From Heavy Bleeding Due to Uterine Fibroids
Rebecca Voelker, MSJ
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.11456
JAMA. 2020;324(1):19.
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New Diagnostic Agent Detects Tau Pathology in the Brain
Rebecca Voelker, MSJ
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.11003
JAMA. 2020;324(1):19.
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Expanded Indication for Triple-Drug Antibiotic
Rebecca Voelker, MSJ
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.11457
JAMA. 2020;324(1):19.
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Avoiding a Health Care Financial Meltdown
Andrew Bindman, MD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.10415
JAMA. 2020;324(1):17-18.
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Insulin Given With DPP4 Inhibitors Might Protect Blood Vessels in Patients With Diabetes
Tracy Hampton, PhD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.10110
JAMA. 2020;324(1):15-16.
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The Cigarette: A Political History—The Past, Present, and Future of US Tobacco
Robert N. Proctor, PhD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.8237
JAMA. 2020;324(1):10-11.
This Arts and Medicine feature reviews a newly published political history of the US tobacco industry, emphasizing the continuing importance of cigarette smoking to illness and death at a time when the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is perceived as the country’s greatest health threat.
Carotid Artery Endarterectomy
Ioana Baiu, MD, MPH; Jordan R. Stern, MD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.2104
JAMA. 2020;324(1):110.
This JAMA Patient Page describes the carotid artery endarterectomy procedure and its benefits and risks as a treatment for carotid artery stenosis.
Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis for ICU Patients
Aylin Tansel, MD, MPH; David Y. Graham, MD
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.6765
JAMA. 2020;324(1):101.
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Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis for ICU Patients
Lawrence Siu-Chun Law, MD; Elaine Ah-Gi Lo, PharmD, BCPS, BCGP; Siang Fei Yeoh, BSc, MClinPharm, BCPS
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.6759
JAMA. 2020;324(1):101-102.
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Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis for ICU Patients
Crisanto M. Torres, MD; Sergio B. Navarrete, DO
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.6762
JAMA. 2020;324(1):102.
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Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis for ICU Patients—Reply
Paul J. Young, PhD; for the PEPTIC Investigators
doi : 10.1001/jama.2020.6768
JAMA. 2020;324(1):102-103.
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