Digestive Diseases and Sciences

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a public health emergency. In this context, there are major concerns for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly for those treated with immunomodulators, biologics, and Janus Kinase inhibitors. Infection susceptibility is, in fact, one of the reported risks for immunotherapy drugs. This review provides the existing evidence from worldwide case series describing: (a) the risk for the SARS-CoV-2 infection and (b) the risk of a severe infection outcome in patients with IBD treated with immunotherapy. Further, the review discusses the potential mechanisms underlying why this group of patients with IBD might be protected from contracting the infection and from a worse disease. From the available data, it appears that these patients should have an enhanced adherence to the recommended preventive measures, suggesting a role in reducing their risk of infection. Furthermore, the immunotherapy may dampen the cytokine storm and inflammation associated with COVID-19. The results of this review seem to confirm that patients with IBD receiving immunomodulators, biologics, or Janus Kinase inhibitors do not have an increased risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection or develop a more severe COVID-19. According to the current evidence, it is advisable to maintain immunotherapy, apart from corticosteroids, in patients with IBD in order to avoid relapse. This review reports only on the cases of patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR of a nasopharyngeal swab sample. This is a limitation and a more accurate epidemiological picture of the infection will be obtained only via the expanded use of antibody tests.

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What GI Physicians Need to Know During COVID-19 Pandemic

Paul J. Thuluvath, Joseph J. Alukal, Nishal Ravindran & Sanjaya K. Satapathy

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06625-4

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages2865–2875 (2021)

The worldwide pandemic of COVID-19, caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality in both low- and high-income countries. Although COVID-19 is predominantly a respiratory illness, other systems including gastrointestinal (GI) system and liver may be involved because of the ubiquitous nature of ACE-2 receptors in various cell lines that SARS-CoV-2 utilizes to enter host cells. It appears that GI symptoms and liver enzyme abnormalities are common in COVID-19. The involvement of the GI tract and liver correlates with the severity of disease. A minority (10–20%) of patients with COVID-19 may also present initially with only GI complaints. The most common GI symptoms are anorexia, loss of smell, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Viral RNA can be detected in stool in up to 50% of patients, sometimes even after pharyngeal clearance, but it is unclear whether fecal–oral transmission occurs. Liver enzymes are elevated, usually mild (2–3 times), in a substantial proportion of patients. There are many confounding factors that could cause liver enzyme abnormalities including medications, sepsis, and hypoxia. Although infection rates in those with preexisting liver disease are similar to that of general population, once infected, patients with liver disease are more likely to have a more severe disease and a higher mortality. There is a paucity of objective data on the optimal preventive or management strategies, but few recommendations for GI physicians based on circumstantial evidence are discussed.

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Spontaneous Perforated Duodenal Diverticulum: Wait or Cut First?

G. M. Farné, A. Lauro, S. Vaccari, I. R. Marino, S. Khouzam, V. D’Andrea, M. Cervellera & V. Tonini

doi : 10.1007/s10620-021-07092-1

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages2876–2880 (2021)

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Author Spotlight: Gianmarco Farné

Gianmarco Farné

doi : 10.1007/s10620-021-07093-0

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, page2881 (2021)

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Tough to Swallow: Dysphagia in a Child with an Aberrant Left Subclavian Artery

Diane Hsu, Brock Martin, Erna Forg?, Elton Greene, Maheen Hassan & Dorsey Bass

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06777-3

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages2882–2887 (2021)

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Attending Training Courses on Barrett’s Esophagus Improves Adherence to Guidelines: A Survey from the Italian Society of Digestive Endoscopy

Rocco Maurizio Zagari, Leonardo Henry Eusebi, Giuseppe Galloro, Stefano Rabitti, Matteo Neri, Luigi Pasquale & Franco Bazzoli

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06615-6

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages2888–2896 (2021)

Little is known on practice patterns of endoscopists for the management of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) over the last decade.

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Gastric Emptying Scans: Poor Adherence to National Guidelines

Journey L. Wise, Maria I. Vazquez-Roque, Caleb J. McKinney, Michael A. Zickella, Michael D. Crowell & Brian E. Lacy

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06314-2

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages2897–2906 (2021)

Accurately diagnosing gastroparesis relies upon gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) being performed correctly. Jointly published protocol guidelines have long been available; however, the extent to which practitioners adhere to these guidelines is unknown.

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Factors Associated with Up-to-Date Colonoscopy Use Among Puerto Ricans in New York City, 2003–2016

Sandy Ng, Yuhe Xia, Matthew Glenn, Neha Nagpal, Kevin Lin, Chau Trinh-Shevrin, Andrea B. Troxel, Simona C. Kwon & Peter S. Liang

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06648-x

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages2907–2915 (2021)

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among Hispanic Americans. Puerto Ricans are the second largest Hispanic subgroup in the USA and the largest in New York City, but little is known about predictors of colorectal cancer screening uptake in this population.

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Impaired Quality of Working Life in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients

Sara van Gennep, Nanne K. H. de Boer, Marieke E. Gielen, Svend T. Rietdijk, Krisztina B. Gecse, Cyriel Y. Ponsioen, Marjolijn Duijvestein, Geert R. D’Haens, Mark L?wenberg & Angela G. E. M. de Boer

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06647-y

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages2916–2924 (2021)

Work-related aspects are important determinants of health for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.

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Prevalence, Indirect Costs, and Risk Factors for Work Disability in Patients with Crohn’s Disease at a Tertiary Care Center in Rio de Janeiro

Renata de S? Brito Fr?es, André da Luz Moreira, Antonio José de V. Carneiro, Jessica P. L. Moreira, Ronir R. Luiz, Adriana Maria Hilu de Barros Moreira, Camila Cesar Monnerat, Heitor Siffert Pereira de Souza & Ana Teresa Pugas Carvalho

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06646-z

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages2925–2934 (2021)

Crohn’s disease (CD) can lead to work disability with social and economic impacts worldwide. In Brazil, where its prevalence is increasing, we assessed the indirect costs, prevalence, and risk factors for work disability in the state of Rio de Janeiro and in a tertiary care referral center of the state.

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Accuracy of Self-Reported Vaccination Status in a Cohort of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Ryan Smith, Jeffery Hubers, Francis A. Farraye, Emmanuel Sampene, Mary S. Hayney & Freddy Caldera

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06631-6

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages2935–2941 (2021)

Prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases is important in the care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Thus, accurate immunization histories are critical. Many providers rely on patient self-report when assessing immunization status. The primary aim of our study was to determine the accuracy of self-reported influenza vaccination status in a cohort of patients with IBD.

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Burdensome Transitions of Care for Patients with End-Stage Liver Disease and Their Caregivers

Nneka N. Ufere, John Donlan, Teresa Indriolo, James Richter, Ryan Thompson, Vicki Jackson, Angelo Volandes, Raymond T. Chung, Lara Traeger & Areej El-Jawahri

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06617-4

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages2942–2955 (2021)

Patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) experience frequent readmissions; however, studies focused on patients’ and caregivers’ perceptions of their transitional care experiences to identify root causes of burdensome transitions of care are lacking.

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Reduced Alcohol Use Is Sustained in Patients Provided Alcohol-Related Counseling During Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy for Hepatitis C

Yuval A. Patel, Jia Yao, Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell, Donna Niedzwiecki, Elizabeth Goacher & Andrew J. Muir

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06616-5

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages2956–2963 (2021)

Patients with chronic hepatitis C and risky/harmful alcohol use experience poor outcomes. Granular data evaluating whether alcohol counseling during hepatitis C treatment impacts longitudinal alcohol consumption are lacking.

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Tongue Coating Bacteria as a Potential Stable Biomarker for Gastric Cancer Independent of Lifestyle

Shuo Xu, Chunjie Xiang, Juan Wu, Yuhao Teng, Zhenfeng Wu, Ruiping Wang, Bin Lu, Zhen Zhan, Huangan Wu & Junfeng Zhang

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06637-0

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages2964–2980 (2021)

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers, and the noninvasive diagnostic methods for monitoring GC are still lacking. Growing evidence shows that human microbiota has potential value for identifying digestive diseases.

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Oral Health and the Altered Colonic Mucosa-Associated Gut Microbiota

Anthony A. Xu, Kristi Hoffman, Shawn Gurwara, Donna L. White, Fasiha Kanwal, Hashem B. El-Serag, Joseph F. Petrosino & Li Jiao

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06612-9

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages2981–2991 (2021)

Systemic diseases have been associated with oral health and gut microbiota. We examined the association between oral health and the community composition and structure of the adherent colonic gut microbiota.

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Four Variants of SLCO2A1 Identified in Three Chinese Patients with Chronic Enteropathy Associated with the SLCO2A1 Gene

Hui Huang, Xuehong Wang, Dalian Ou, Xiaowei Liu, Boda Wu, Bai Zhou, Yongjun Wang & Xiaoliu Shi

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06629-0

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages2992–3001 (2021)

Chronic enteropathy associated with the SLCO2A1 gene (CEAS) is an enteropathy characterized by multiple small intestinal ulcers of nonspecific histology, also known as chronic nonspecific multiple ulcers of the small intestine. The SLCO2A1 gene encodes a prostaglandin transporter (PGT).

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Identifying Hub Genes, Key Pathways and Immune Cell Infiltration Characteristics in Pediatric and Adult Ulcerative Colitis by Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis

Meng-xi Xiu, Yuan-meng Liu, Guang-yuan Chen, Cong Hu & Bo-hai Kuang

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06611-w

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3002–3014 (2021)

In the present study, we investigated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), pathways and immune cell infiltration characteristics of pediatric and adult ulcerative colitis (UC).

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Inositol-Requiring Kinase 1 Regulates Apoptosis via Inducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Colitis Epithelial Cells

Bei Zhang, XiaoYan Su, ZhengYuan Xie, Hao Ding, Ting Wang, RuYi Xie & ZhiLi Wen

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06622-7

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3015–3025 (2021)

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has been studied as critical factor during occurrence and development of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the role of ERS in inflamed UC remains unclear.

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Analysis of Gut Microbiome and Metabolite Characteristics in Patients with Slow Transit Constipation

Hongliang Tian, Qiyi Chen, Bo Yang, Huanlong Qin & Ning Li

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06500-2

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3026–3035 (2021)

Slow transit constipation (STC) is a type of functional constipation in which colon transit time is extended as a result of a reduction in the high amplitude of colon contraction activity. The utility of gut microbiome and metabolite characteristics in patients with STC is rarely studied. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) enhance colonic fluid and sodium absorption and thus may aggravate the symptoms of STC. However, the content and role of SCFAs in constipation patients are not clear. We speculate that gut microbiome and SCFAs in the colon of STC patients may be abnormal and linked to the underlying mechanism of STC.

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Knockdown of Bcl-2-Associated Athanogene-3 Can Enhance the Efficacy of BGJ398 via Suppressing Migration and Inducing Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer

Ke Li, Xiang Deng, Guangjing Feng & Yi Chen

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06640-5

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3036–3044 (2021)

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies of the digestive tract worldwide, and cancer cell resistance against anticancer drugs remains a major challenge for GC treatment. Nvp-BGJ398 (BGJ398) is considered as a common drug for cancer treatment; however, Bcl-2-associated athanogene-3 (BAG3) plays an important role in drug resistance.

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Identification of Significant Genes and Pathways in Acute Pancreatitis via Bioinformatical Analysis

Ran Ji, Ying Chen, Weiwei Chen, Yuming Wang, Fangchen Gong, Shunwei Huang, Rongli Xie, Ming Zhong, Zhaojun Liu, Zhitao Yang, Jian Fei, Enqiang Mao & Erzhen Chen

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06598-4

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3045–3053 (2021)

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the common acute abdominal diseases with complicated pathogenesis. The purpose of this study is to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the pancreas and underlying mechanisms.

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FAM172A Deletion May Enhance Hepatic Steatosis by Promoting ER Stress

Fan Xiao, Meixin Gao, Junru Yang, Lingling He & Hongshan Wei

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06601-y

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3054–3061 (2021)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one of the major causes to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our previous study showed that maintains the homeostasis of ER could effectively alleviate NAFLD. In this study, we found that the loss of FAM172A increased ER stress.

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Changes in Serum Myostatin Levels in Alcoholic Hepatitis Correlate with Improvement in MELD

Hani Shamseddeen, Abhishek Madathanapalli, Vijay S. Are, Vijay H. Shah, Arun J. Sanyal, Qing Tang, Tiebing Liang, Kayla Gelow, Teresa A. Zimmers, Naga Chalasani & Archita P. Desai

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06632-5

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3062–3073 (2021)

Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a serious clinical syndrome often associated with muscle wasting. Myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor-? superfamily, has been studied in diseases with muscle wasting; however, the role of myostatin in AH is unknown.

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Circ_0091581 Promotes the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Targeting miR-591/FOSL2 Axis

Chenggang Ji, Xiaocheng Hong, Bo Lan, Ye Lin, Yingxin He, Jiayang Chen, Xi Liu, Weijie Ye, Zhikang Mo, Zhanpeng She & Shuwen Lin

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06641-4

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3074–3085 (2021)

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have shown crucial regulatory roles in cancer biology. We aimed to uncover the role and underlying mechanism of circ_0091581 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression.

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Prevalence and Associated Dietary Factors of Rome IV Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Rural Western Honduras

Dalton A. Norwood, Lucia B. Dominguez, Andrea A. Paredes, Eleazar E. Montalvan, Aida Rodriguez Murillo, Michael K. Dougherty, Olafur S. Palsson, Ricardo L. Dominguez & Douglas R. Morgan

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06639-y

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3086–3095 (2021)

The literature is limited regarding the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in Central America, and the role of dietary factors.

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Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Predictors of Nonresponse

Ryan Alexander, Jeffrey A. Alexander, Joseph Akambase, William Scott Harmsen, Debra Geno, Crystal Tholen, David A. Katzka & Karthik Ravi

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06633-4

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3096–3104 (2021)

Identification of clinical predictors of response to first-line therapies for EoE is needed to guide initial medical management.

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Effects of Automatic Abdominal Massage Device in Treatment of Chronic Constipation Patients: A Prospective Study

Youn I Choi, Kyoung Oh Kim, Jun-Won Chung, Kwang An Kwon, Yoon Jae Kim, Jung Ho Kim & Dong Kyun Park

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06626-3

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3105–3112 (2021)

Manual abdominal massage has been shown to effectively treat slow-transit constipation, but it is labor-intensive. To offer an alternative treatment option for constipation, the Bamk-001 automatic abdominal massage device was developed. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the Bamk-001 device on symptom profiles and colon transit time (CTT) in patients with chronic constipation.

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Patients with More Severe IBD Get Clostridioides difficile Rather than Clostridioides difficile Increasing the Severity of IBD

Sanskriti Varma, Adam S. Faye, Adithya Kannan, Garrett Lawlor, Abhishek Verma, Jordan Axelrad & Daniel E. Freedberg

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06504-y

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3113–3123 (2021)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients who have Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) have worse outcomes.

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Adding Thiopurine After Loss of Response to Infliximab Versus Early Combination in Treating Crohn’s Disease: A Retrospective Study

Keizo Zeze, Atsushi Hirano, Takehiro Torisu, Motohiro Esaki, Tomohiko Moriyama, Junji Umeno, Keisuke Kawasaki, Shin Fujioka, Yuta Fuyuno, Yuichi Matsuno & Takanari Kitazono

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06600-z

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3124–3131 (2021)

Although combining thiopurine with infliximab (IFX) is considered to improve the clinical efficacy of IFX when treating Crohn’s disease (CD), it also increases the risk of adverse events (AEs). We compared the efficacy and safety of delayed thiopurine addition after loss of response (LOR) to IFX with the efficacy and safety of an earlier combination of thiopurine and IFX.

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The Clinical Significance of Anastomotic Ulcers After Ileocolic Resection to Predict Postoperative Recurrence of Crohn’s Disease

Jin Yong Kim, Sang Hyoung Park, Jae Cheol Park, Soomin Noh, Jung Su Lee, Jeongseok Kim, Nam Seok Ham, Eun Hye Oh, Sung Wook Hwang, Dong-Hoon Yang, Byong Duk Ye, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Jong Lyul Lee, Yong Sik Yoon, Chang Sik Yu & Suk-Kyun Yang

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06599-3

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3132–3140 (2021)

The Rutgeerts score is used to predict postoperative recurrence in CD patients after ileocolic resection and is primarily based on endoscopic findings at the neoterminal ileum. However, the optimal assessment of anastomotic ulcers (AUs) remains subject to debate.

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Characteristics of the Mucosal Surface on Scanning Electron Microscopy in Patients with Remitting Ulcerative Colitis

Ena Nomura, Tomohisa Sujino, Naoki Hosoe, Yusuke Yoshimatsu, Shun Tanemoto, Kaoru Takabayashi, Makoto Mutaguchi, Masayuki Shimoda, Makoto Naganuma, Haruhiko Ogata & Takanori Kanai

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06609-4

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3141–3148 (2021)

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic intestinal epithelial damage, and previous studies have evaluated the epithelial structure of patients with active UC using electron microscopy.

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Simplifying Measurement of Adenoma Detection Rates for Colonoscopy

Andrew J. Gawron, Yiwen Yao, Samir Gupta, Garrett Cole, Mary A. Whooley, Jason A. Dominitz & Tonya Kaltenbach

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06627-2

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3149–3155 (2021)

Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is the colonoscopy quality metric with the strongest association to interval or “missed” cancer. Accurate measurement of ADR can be laborious and costly.

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Colorectal Cancer, Age, and Obesity-Related Comorbidities: A Large Database Study

Abbinaya Elangovan, Jacob Skeans, Marc Landsman, Sajjadh M. J. Ali, Arvind Ganesan Elangovan, David C. Kaelber, Dalbir S. Sandhu & Gregory S. Cooper

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06602-x

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3156–3163 (2021)

The association between obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC) is well established in older individuals, but evidence is limited in the younger population. The study aims to analyze the relationship of obesity and its related comorbidities in early-onset CRC (E-CRC) and compare it to late-onset CRC (L-CRC).

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Acute Pancreatitis During and After Pregnancy: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Prognosis

Alberto Maringhini, Gabriella Dardanoni, Giovanna Fantaci, Rosalia Patti & Marco Maringhini

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06608-5

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3164–3170 (2021)

Acute pancreatitis may complicate pregnancy and both are associated with gallstones, but its incidence is not well known.

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Effectiveness of Menghini-Type Needles for Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of Pancreatic Masses

Sho Mizukawa, Hironari Kato, Kazuyuki Matsumoto, Shinichiro Muro, Yutaka Akimoto, Daisuke Uchida, Takeshi Tomoda, Naoki Yamamoto, Shigeru Horiguchi, Koichiro Tsutsumi, Hirofumi Inoue, Noriyuki Tanaka & Hiroyuki Okada

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06628-1

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3171–3178 (2021)

Cutting needles are thought to be effective as biopsy needles. A few types of cutting needles are available for endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA), and the Menghini-type needle is an end-type cutting needle.

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Incident Dementia in Elderly Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Germany

Christian Labenz, Karel Kostev, Leonard Kaps, Peter R. Galle & J?rn M. Schattenberg

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06644-1

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3179–3185 (2021)

Dementia and NAFLD are two frequent conditions that share underlying risk factors mainly in the realm of metabolic disease. Additionally, an association between NAFLD and brain aging has been proposed. Therefore, we investigated the hypothesis if NAFLD is an independent risk factor for emerging dementia. In this population-based cohort study, elderly patients (??65 years) with NAFLD diagnosed between 2000 and 2015 were matched 1:1 to a cohort without NAFLD based on ICD-10 coding in the Disease Analyzer database. Matching criteria were age, sex, physician, index year, and co-diagnoses associated with dementia. The primary outcomes of this study were all-cause dementia diagnoses, the incidence of vascular dementia, and antidementive drug prescription. A total of 22,317 patients with NAFLD were matched to 22,317 patients without NAFLD. Within 10 years of the index date, 16.0% of patients with NAFLD and 15.6% of the patients without NAFLD were diagnosed with dementia. On Cox regression analysis, there is no association between NAFLD and the incidence of all-cause dementia (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.92–1.04), vascular dementia (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.78–1.02), or the new prescription of antidementive therapy (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.76–1.01). In sensitivity analyses, there was no association between NAFLD and dementia in different age-groups as well as men or women. In conclusion, in this database study of elderly patients coded with NAFLD no independent association with incident dementia was detected. Risk assessment regarding dementia in patients with NAFLD should be carried out in the same way as for metabolic burdened patients.

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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is Common in IBD Patients However Progression to Hepatic Fibrosis by Noninvasive Markers Is Rare

Gabrielle Ritaccio, Gianna Stoleru, Ameer Abutaleb, Raymond K. Cross, Kirti Shetty, Sasan Sakiani & Uni Wong

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06588-6

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3186–3191 (2021)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder in western countries and an increasing cause of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is known to coexist in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aims to examine the prevalence of NAFLD, as well as trends in NAFLD-associated fibrosis, in a well-characterized IBD cohort utilizing a validated noninvasive test.

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Hepatic Steatosis Is Associated with Increased Disease Severity and Liver Injury in Coronavirus Disease-19

Vincent L. Chen, Fadi Hawa, Jeffrey A. Berinstein, Chanakyaram A. Reddy, Ihab Kassab, Kevin D. Platt, Chia-Yang Hsu, Calen A. Steiner, Jeremy Louissaint, Naresh T. Gunaratnam & Pratima Sharma

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06618-3

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3192–3198 (2021)

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Obesity has been associated with increased disease severity in COVID-19, and obesity is strongly associated with hepatic steatosis (HS). However, how HS alters the natural history of COVID-19 is not well characterized, especially in Western populations.

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Safety of Chronic Simvastatin Treatment in Patients with Decompensated Cirrhosis: Many Adverse Events but No Liver Injury

Alberto E. Mu?oz, Florencia Pollarsky, M?nica Marino, Mariano Cartier, Carlos M?guez, Horacio V?zquez, Daniel ?lvarez, Pablo Salgado & Gustavo Romero

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06630-7

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3199–3208 (2021)

The high mortality rate of decompensated cirrhosis underlines the need for new treatments. Experimental models of cirrhosis and its reported relationship with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease have provided data supporting the rational use of statins in these patients. However, little is known about the safety of statins in this setting.

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Utility of Fecal Calprotectin in Routine Clinical Practice Is Impaired by Poor Sample Return Rates

Christian P. Selinger, Helen Rafferty, Peter Mooney & Clare Donnellan

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06694-5

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3209–3210 (2021)

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Epidemiology and Clinical Findings of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases

Tomoyuki Kawada

doi : 10.1007/s10620-021-07180-2

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3211–3212 (2021)

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Correction to: Crohn’s Disease Only Visible on Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy: A New Entity

Thomas Chateau, Ferdinando D’Amico, Camille Zallot, Nicolas Mathieu & Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06613-8

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, page3213 (2021)

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Correction to: Characterization of Creatine Kinase Levels in Tofacitinib?Treated Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: Results from Clinical Trials

Remo Panaccione, John D. Isaacs, Lea Ann Chen, Wenjin Wang, Amy Marren, Kenneth Kwok, Lisy Wang, Gary Chan & Chinyu Su

doi : 10.1007/s10620-020-06638-z

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, pages3214–3215 (2021)

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Correction to: Understanding Determinants of Patient Preferences Between Stool Tests and Colonoscopy for the Assessment of Disease Activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Maria Barsky, Joseph Meserve, Helen Le, Angelina Collins, Siddharth Singh, Brigid Boland, William J. Sandborn & Parambir S. Dulai

doi : 10.1007/s10620-021-06879-6

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, page3216 (2021)

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Correction to: Author Spotlight: Andrew Ofosu

Andrew Ofosu

doi : 10.1007/s10620-021-07164-2

Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 66, page3217 (2021)

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