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Editorial. Sexual harassment in neurosurgery: #UsToo
Douglas Kondziolka MD, MSc, FRCSC1 and Linda M. Liau MD, PhD, MBA2
doi : 10.3171/2020.8.JNS202583
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 339–340
Toward an understanding of sexual harassment in neurosurgery
Deborah L. Benzil MD1, Karin M. Muraszko MD2, Pranay Soni MD1, Ellen L. Air MD, PhD3, Katie O. Orrico JD4, and James T. Rutka MD, PhD5
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS201649
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 342–351
The goal of this study was the creation and administration of a survey to assess the depth and breadth of sexual harassment across neurosurgery.
Does double-blind peer review impact gender authorship trends? An evaluation of two leading neurosurgical journals from 2010 to 2019
Uma V. Mahajan BS1, Harsh Wadhwa BS2, Parastou Fatemi MD2, Samantha Xu MPH1, Judy Shan BS3, Deborah L. Benzil MD4, and Corinna C. Zygourakis MD2
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS20902
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 352–360
Publications are key for advancement within academia. Although women are underrepresented in academic neurosurgery, the rates of women entering residency, achieving board certification, and publishing papers are increasing. The goal of this study was to assess the current status of women in academic neurosurgery publications. Specifically, this study sought to 1) survey female authorship rates in the Journal of Neurosurgery (JNS [not including JNS: Spine or JNS: Pediatrics]) and Neurosurgery from 2010 to 2019; 2) analyze whether double-blind peer review (started in Neurosurgery in 2011) altered female authorship rates relative to single-blind review (JNS); and 3) evaluate how female authorship rates compared with the number of women entering neurosurgery residency and obtaining neurosurgery board certification.
Interhospital competition and hospital charges and costs for patients undergoing cranial neurosurgery
Oliver Y. Tang BS1, Krissia M. Rivera Perla BS1, Rachel K. Lim1, James S. Yoon BS2,Robert J. Weil MD, MBA3, and Steven A. Toms MD, MPH1,3
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS20732
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 361–372
Research has documented significant growth in neurosurgical expenditures and practice consolidation. The authors evaluated the relationship between interhospital competition and inpatient charges or costs in patients undergoing cranial neurosurgery.
Big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence: a field guide for neurosurgeons
Bharath Raju MD, MCh1, Fareed Jumah MD1, Omar Ashraf BA1, Vinayak Narayan MD1, Gaurav Gupta MD1, Hai Sun MD, PhD1, Patrick Hilden MS2, andAnil Nanda MD, MPH1
doi : 10.3171/2020.5.JNS201288
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 373–383
Big data has transformed into a trend phrase in healthcare and neurosurgery, becoming a pervasive and inescapable phrase in everyday life. The upsurge in big data applications is a direct consequence of the drastic boom in information technology as well as the growing number of internet-connected devices called the Internet of Things in healthcare. Compared with business, marketing, and other sectors, healthcare applications are lagging due to a lack of technical knowledge among healthcare workers, technological limitations in acquiring and analyzing the data, and improper governance of healthcare big data. Despite these limitations, the medical literature is flooded with big data–related articles, and most of these are filled with abstruse terminologies such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, artificial neural network, and algorithm. Many of the recent articles are restricted to neurosurgical registries, creating a false impression that big data is synonymous with registries. Others advocate that the utilization of big data will be the panacea to all healthcare problems and research in the future. Without a proper understanding of these principles, it becomes easy to get lost without the ability to differentiate hype from reality. To that end, the authors give a brief narrative of big data analysis in neurosurgery and review its applications, limitations, and the challenges it presents for neurosurgeons and healthcare professionals naive to this field. Awareness of these basic concepts will allow neurosurgeons to understand the literature regarding big data, enabling them to make better decisions and deliver personalized care.
Back to the future: surgical rehearsal platform technology as a means to improve surgeon-patient alliance, patient satisfaction, and resident experience
James M. Wright MD1, Alankrita Raghavan MD3, Christina H. Wright MD1, Berje Shammassian MD1, Yifei Duan MD1, Martha Sajatovic MD2, and Warren R. Selman MD1
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS201865
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 384–391
Informed consent, when performed appropriately, serves many roles beyond simply obtaining the prerequisite medicolegal paperwork to perform a surgery. Prior studies have suggested that patient understanding is poor when verbal communication is the sole means of education. Virtual reality platforms have proven effective in enhancing medical education. No studies exist that have demonstrated the utility of virtual reality–facilitated informed consent (VR-IC) in improving the physician-patient alliance. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of VR-IC among patients providing consent for surgery and the impact of this educational and information technology–based strategy on enhancing the physician-patient alliance, patient satisfaction, and resident-physician perception of the consent process.
Assessment of burnout prevention and wellness programs for US-based neurosurgical faculty and residents: a systematic review of the literature
Laura Berardo BA1, Christina Gerges BS2, James Wright MD2,3, Amber Stout MLIS3, Hamid Shah MD4, Alexander Papanastassiou MD5, Kristopher Kimmell MD6, and in affiliation with the Council of State Neurosurgical Societies (CSNS)
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS201531
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 392–400
Neurosurgeon burnout is a serious and prevalent issue that has been shown to impact professionalism, physician health, and patient outcomes. Interventions targeting physician burnout primarily focus on improving physician wellness. Many academic neurosurgery programs have established wellness curricula to combat burnout and improve wellness. No official recommendations exist for establishing a wellness program that effectively targets sources of burnout. The aim of this review was to examine measures of burnout and report objective results of wellness interventions for neurosurgical faculty and residents.
Multimodal outcome assessment after surgery for brainstem cavernous malformations
Philipp Dammann MD1, Annika Herten MD1, Alejandro N. Santos MD1, Laurèl Rauschenbach MD1, Bixia Chen MD1, Marvin Darkwah Oppong MD1, Börge Schmidt PhD2, Michael Forsting MD3, Christoph Kleinschnitz MD4, and Ulrich Sure MD1
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS201823
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 401–409
The object of this study was to assess outcome after surgery for brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) using functional, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and psychological surveys to analyze the interrelation of these measurements, and to compare HRQOL and anxiety and depression scores with those in a healthy population.
Assessment and validation of proposed classification tools for brainstem cavernous malformations
Alejandro N. Santos MD1, Laurèl Rauschenbach MD1, Marvin Darkwah Oppong MD1, Bixia Chen MD1, Annika Herten MD1, Michael Forsting MD2, Ulrich Sure MD1, and Philipp Dammann MD1
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS201585
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 410–416
Treatment indications for patients with brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) remain difficult and controversial. Some authors have tried to establish classification tools to identify eligible candidates for surgery. Authors of this study aimed to validate the performance and replicability of two proposed BSCM grading systems, the Lawton-Garcia (LG) and the Dammann-Sure (DS) systems.
Prolonged/delayed cerebral hyperperfusion in adult patients with moyamoya disease with RNF213 gene polymorphism c.14576G>A (rs112735431) after superficial temporal artery–middle cerebral artery anastomosis
Ryosuke Tashiro MD1,2, Miki Fujimura MD, PhD1, Masahito Katsuki MD1,2,Taketo Nishizawa MD1, Yasutake Tomata PhD3, Kuniyasu Niizuma MD, PhD2, and Teiji Tominaga MD, PhD2
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS201037
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 417–424
Superficial temporal artery–middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis is the standard surgical management for moyamoya disease (MMD), whereas cerebral hyperperfusion (CHP) is one of the potential complications of this procedure that can result in delayed intracerebral hemorrhage and/or neurological deterioration. Recent advances in perioperative management in the early postoperative period have significantly reduced the risk of CHP syndrome, but delayed intracerebral hemorrhage and prolonged/delayed CHP are still major clinical issues. The clinical implication of RNF213 gene polymorphism c.14576G>A (rs112735431), a susceptibility variant for MMD, includes early disease onset and a more severe form of MMD, but its significance in perioperative pathology is unknown. Thus, the authors investigated the role of RNF213 polymorphism in perioperative hemodynamics after STA-MCA anastomosis for MMD.
Mechanical thrombectomy and intravascular imaging for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: a preclinical model
Christopher R. Pasarikovski MD1, Jerry C. Ku MD1, Julia Keith MD2, Joel Ramjist BSc3, Yuta Dobashi MASc3, Stefano M. Priola MD4, Leodante da Costa MD, MSc3, Ashish Kumar MCh3, and Victor X. D. Yang MD, PhD3,5
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS201795
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 425–430
Although the majority of patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) will improve with anticoagulation therapy, a portion of patients will either present in a comatose state or continue to deteriorate clinically despite early anticoagulation. In these cases, along with treating the underlying thrombophilia, timely thrombolysis may be beneficial. Repurposed arterial thrombectomy devices may not perform as expected in the cerebral venous sinus, and there are currently no preclinical endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) models for CVST. Contrary to arterial stroke research, preclinical models utilized to test various endovascular techniques and devices are lacking. The purpose of this research was to develop a reliable preclinical animal model for the testing of endovascular strategies to treat CVST.
Readmission following extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery in the United States: nationwide rates, causes, risk factors, and volume-driven outcomes
Kavelin Rumalla BA1, Visish M. Srinivasan MD2, Monica Gaddis PhD1, Peter Kan MD3, Michael T. Lawton MD4, and Jan-Karl Burkhardt MD5
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS202117
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 431–439
Extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery remains an important treatment option for patients with moyamoya disease (MMD), intracranial arteriosclerotic disease (ICAD) with symptomatic stenosis despite the best medical management, and complex aneurysms. The therapeutic benefit of cerebral bypass surgery depends on optimal patient selection and the minimization of periprocedural complications. The nationwide burden of readmissions and associated complications following EC-IC bypass surgery has not been previously described. Therefore, the authors sought to analyze a nationwide database to describe the national rates, causes, risk factors, complications, and morbidity associated with readmission following EC-IC bypass surgery for MMD, ICAD, and aneurysms.
Cerebral venous drainage in patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas: correlation with clinical presentation
João Ferreira de Melo Neto MD1, Eduardo E. Pelinca da Costa MD1, Nilson Pinheiro Junior MD1, André L. Batista MD1, Georges Rodesch MD, PhD2, Serge Bracard MD3, and Antônio G. Oliveira MD, PhD4
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS20922
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 440–448
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are abnormal, acquired arteriovenous connections within the dural leaflets. Their associated symptoms may be mild or severe and are related to the patient’s venous anatomy. With the hypothesis that the patient’s venous anatomy determines the development of symptoms, the authors aimed to identify which venous anatomy elements are important in the development of major symptoms in patients with a DAVF.
Long-term survival in patients with primary intracranial germ cell tumors treated with surgery, platinum-based chemotherapy, and radiotherapy: a single-institution study
Hiroyuki Shimizu MD1, Kazuya Motomura MD, PhD1, Fumiharu Ohka MD, PhD1,Kosuke Aoki MD, PhD1, Kuniaki Tanahashi MD, PhD1, Masaki Hirano MD, PhD1,Lushun Chalise MD, PhD1, Tomohide Nishikawa MD1, Junya Yamaguchi MD1, Jun Yoshida MD, PhD1, Atsushi Natsume MD, PhD1, and Toshihiko Wakabayashi MD, PhD1
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS20638
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 449–457
The current study aimed to evaluate the treatment outcomes and toxicities of patients with intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs).
Microneurosurgical removal of thalamic lesions: surgical results and considerations from a large, single-surgeon consecutive series
Carlo Serra MD1,3, Hatice Türe MD2, Cumhur Kaan Yalt?r?k MD1, Mehmet Volkan Harput MD1, and U?ur Türe MD1
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS20524
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 458–468
The object of this study was to present the surgical results of a large, single-surgeon consecutive series of patients who had undergone transcisternal (TCi) or transcallosal-transventricular (TCTV) endoscope-assisted microsurgery for thalamic lesions.
Raman spectroscopy to differentiate between fresh tissue samples of glioma and normal brain: a comparison with 5-ALA–induced fluorescence-guided surgery
Laurent J. Livermore DPhil1,3, Martin Isabelle PhD4, Ian M. Bell DPhil4, Oliver Edgar BM, BCh1, Natalie L. Voets PhD2,6, Richard Stacey FRCS(SN)3, Olaf Ansorge FRCPath1, Claire Vallance PhD5, and Puneet Plaha FRCS(SN)2,3
doi : 10.3171/2020.5.JNS20376
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 469–479
Raman spectroscopy is a biophotonic tool that can be used to differentiate between different tissue types. It is nondestructive and no sample preparation is required. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of Raman spectroscopy to differentiate between glioma and normal brain when using fresh biopsy samples and, in the case of glioblastomas, to compare the performance of Raman spectroscopy to predict the presence or absence of tumor with that of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)–induced fluorescence.
Surgical management of incidentally discovered low-grade gliomas
Andrew J. Gogos MBBS, FRACS1, Jacob S. Young MD1, Matheus P. Pereira BS2,Ramin A. Morshed MD1, Matthew B. Potts MD3, Shawn L. Hervey-Jumper MD1, and Mitchel S. Berger MD1
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS201296
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 480–487
Although most patients with low-grade glioma (LGG) present after a seizure, a small proportion is diagnosed after neuroimaging is performed for a sign or symptom unrelated to the tumor. While these tumors invariably grow, some surgeons argue for a watchful waiting approach. Here, the authors report on their experience in the surgical treatment of patients with incidental LGG (iLGG) and describe the neurological outcomes, survival, and complications.
The Simpson grade: abandon the scale but preserve the message
Theodore H. Schwartz MD1 and Michael W. McDermott MD2
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS201904
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 488–495
The Simpson grading scale, developed in 1957 by Donald Simpson, has been considered the gold standard for defining the surgical extent of resection for WHO grade I meningiomas. Since its introduction, the scale and its modifications have generated enormous controversy. The Simpson grade is based on an intraoperative visual assessment of resection, which is subjective and notoriously inaccurate. The majority of studies in which the grading system was used were performed before routine postoperative MRI surveillance was employed, rendering assessments of extent of resection and the definition of recurrence inconsistent. The infiltration and proliferation potential of tumor components such as hyperostotic bone and dural tail vary widely based on tumor location, as does the molecular biology of the tumor, rendering a universal scale for all meningiomas unfeasible. While extent of resection is clearly important at reducing recurrence rates, achieving the highest Simpson grade resection should not always be the goal of surgery.
Presence of a translator in the operating theater for awake mapping in foreign patients with low-grade glioma: a surgical experience based on 18 different native languages
Aurore Sellier MD1, Sylvie Moritz-Gasser PhD2,3,4, Anne-Laure Lemaitre PhD2,Guillaume Herbet PhD2,3,4, and Hugues Duffau MD, PhD2,4
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS201071
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 496–504
Intraoperative brain mapping with neurocognitive monitoring during awake surgery is currently the standard pattern of care for patients with diffuse low-grade glioma (DLGG), allowing a maximization of the extent of resection (EOR) while preserving quality of life. This study evaluated the feasibility of DLGG resections performed with intraoperative cognitive monitoring via the assistance of a translator for patients speaking foreign languages, and compared the surgical functional and oncological outcomes according to the possibility of direct communication with the surgical team.
Intraoperative MRI for newly diagnosed supratentorial glioblastoma: a multicenter-registry comparative study to conventional surgery
Amar S. Shah MD, MPHS1, Peter T. Sylvester MD, MHA, MSCI1, Alexander T. Yahanda MS1, Ananth K. Vellimana MD1, Gavin P. Dunn MD, PhD1, John Evans RN1, Keith M. Rich MD1, Joshua L. Dowling MD1, Eric C. Leuthardt MD1,Ralph G. Dacey MD1, Albert H. Kim MD, PhD1, Robert L. Grubb MD1, Gregory J. Zipfel MD1, Mark Oswood MD, PhD2,3, Randy L. Jensen MD, PhD4, Garnette R. Sutherland MD5, Daniel P. Cahill MD, PhD6, Steven R. Abram MD7, John Honeycutt MD8, Mitesh Shah MD9, Yu Tao MD1, and Michael R. Chicoine MD1
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS19287
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 505–514
Intraoperative MRI (iMRI) is used in the surgical treatment of glioblastoma, with uncertain effects on outcomes. The authors evaluated the impact of iMRI on extent of resection (EOR) and overall survival (OS) while controlling for other known and suspected predictors.
Prognostic value of the Simpson grading scale in modern meningioma surgery: Barrow Neurological Institute experience
Colin J. Przybylowski MD1, Benjamin K. Hendricks MD1, Fabio A. Frisoli MD1,Xiaochun Zhao MD1, Claudio Cavallo MD1, Leandro Borba Moreira MD1, Sirin Gandhi MD1, Nader Sanai MD1, Kaith K. Almefty MD1, Michael T. Lawton MD1, and Andrew S. Little MD1
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS20374
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 515–523
Recently, the prognostic value of the Simpson resection grading scale has been called into question for modern meningioma surgery. In this study, the authors analyzed the relationship between Simpson resection grade and meningioma recurrence in their institutional experience.
The value of intraoperative MRI in recurrent intracranial tumor surgery
Sophie S. Wang MD1,2, Friederike Selge MD2, Martina Sebök MD3, Pierre Scheffler MD3, Yang Yang MD3,5, Giovanna Brandi MD2, Sebastian Winklhofer MD4, and Oliver Bozinov MD3,5
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS20982
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 524–531
Identifying tumor remnants in previously operated tumor lesions remains a challenge. Intraoperative MRI (ioMRI) helps the neurosurgeon to reorient and update image guidance during surgery. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether ioMRI is more efficient in detecting tumor remnants in the surgery of recurrent lesions compared with primary surgery.
Editorial. Is the use of 5-ALA in endoscopic skull base surgery truly limited or in need of more refined evaluation?
Pablo F. Recinos MD1
doi : 10.3171/2020.7.JNS201870
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 532–533
Limited utility of 5-ALA optical fluorescence in endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery: a multicenter retrospective study
Alexander Micko MD, PhD1,2, Benjamin I. Rapoport MD, PhD3, Brett E. Youngerman MD3, Reginald P. Fong MD3, Jennifer Kosty MD3, Andrew Brunswick MD2, Shane Shahrestani MS2, Gabriel Zada MD2, and Theodore H. Schwartz MD3
doi : 10.3171/2020.5.JNS201171
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 535–541
Incomplete resection of skull base pathology may result in local tumor recurrence. This study investigates the utility of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence during endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEAs) to increase visibility of pathologic tissue.
Surgery versus radiosurgery for facial nerve schwannoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of facial nerve function, postoperative complications, and progression
Juliana Rotter MD1, Victor M. Lu MD, PhD1, Christopher S. Graffeo MD, MS1, Avital Perry MD1, Colin L. W. Driscoll MD1,2, Bruce E. Pollock MD1,3, and Michael J. Link MD1,2
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS201548
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 542–553
Intracranial facial nerve schwannomas (FNS) requiring treatment are frequently recommended for surgery or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The objective of this study was to compare facial nerve function outcomes between these two interventions for FNS via a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Incidence and characteristics of cerebral hypoxia after craniectomy in brain-injured patients: a cohort study
Alexandrine Gagnon RN1,2,3,4,5, Mathieu Laroche MD, FRCPS2,3,4,5, David Williamson PhD3,4,5, Marc Giroux MD, FRCPS2,3,4,5, Jean-François Giguère MD, PhD, FRCSC2,3,4,5, and Francis Bernard MD, FRCPC4,5
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS20776
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 554–561
After craniectomy, although intracranial pressure (ICP) is controlled, episodes of brain hypoxia might still occur. Cerebral hypoxia is an indicator of poor outcome independently of ICP and cerebral perfusion pressure. No study has systematically evaluated the incidence and characteristics of brain hypoxia after craniectomy. The authors’ objective was to describe the incidence and characteristics of brain hypoxia after craniectomy.
Traumatic axonal injury on clinical MRI: association with the Glasgow Coma Scale score at scene of injury or at admission and prolonged posttraumatic amnesia
Hans Kristian Moe MD, PhD1, Turid Follestad MSc, PhD2, Nada Andelic MD, PhD3,4, Asta Kristine Håberg MD, PhD1,5, Anne-Mari Holte Flusund MD1,9, Kjell Arne Kvistad MD, PhD5, Elin Hildrum Saksvoll MD10, Øystein Olsen MD10,Sebastian Abel-Grüner MD5, Oddrun Sandrød MSc6, Toril Skandsen MD, PhD1,7,Anne Vik MD, PhD1,8, and Kent Gøran Moen MD, PhD1,10
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS20112
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 562–573
The aim in this study was to investigate if MRI findings of traumatic axonal injury (TAI) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are related to the admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and prolonged duration of posttraumatic amnesia (PTA).
Ballistic lobar trajectory outcomes in civilian firearm penetrating brain injury
Georgios Alexopoulos MD1,2, Nabiha Quadri MD1,2, Maheen Khan MD1,2,Henna Bazai BS2, Carla Formoso Pico BS2, Connor Fraser BS2, Neha Kulkarni BS2, Joanna Kemp MD1,2, Jeroen Coppens MD1,2, Richard Bucholz MD1,2, and Philippe Mercier MD, PhD1,2
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS201837
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 574–583
Penetrating brain injury (PBI) is the most lethal of all firearm injuries, with reported survival rates of less than 20%. The projectile trajectory (PT) has been shown to impact mortality, but the significant lobar tracks have not been defined. The aim of this retrospective case-control study was to test for associations between distinct ballistic trajectories, missile types, and patient outcomes.
Divergence in the epidemiological estimates of traumatic brain injury in the United States: comparison of two national databases
Brittany M. Stopa MPH1,2, Maya Harary MD1,3, Ray Jhun MS1,4, Arun Job BA1,4, Saef Izzy MD5, Timothy R. Smith MD, PhD, MPH1, and William B. Gormley MD, MPH, MBA1
doi : 10.3171/2020.7.JNS201896
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 584–593
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US, but the true incidence of TBI is unknown.
The surgical history of head injury in motor vehicle collision
Abhijith V. Matur BS1, Laura B. Ngwenya MD, PhD1,2,3, and Charles J. Prestigiacomo MD1,2
doi : 10.3171/2020.7.JNS20941
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 594–600
Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are a significant cause of head injuries today, but efforts to manage and prevent these injuries extend as far back as the beginning of modern neurosurgery itself. Head trauma in MVCs occurred as far back as 1899, and the surgical literature of the time mentions several cases of children being struck by passing automobiles. By the 1930s, Dr. Claire L. Straith, a Detroit plastic surgeon, recommended changes to automobile design after seeing facial injuries and depressed skull fractures that resulted from automobile accidents. During World War II, Sir Hugh Cairns, a British neurosurgeon, demonstrated the efficacy of motorcycle helmets in preventing serious head injury. In the 1950s, Dr. Frank H. Mayfield, a Cincinnati neurosurgeon on the trauma committee of the American College of Surgeons, made several recommendations, such as adding padded dashboards and seatbelts, to make automobiles safer. Ford implemented the recommendations from Dr. Mayfield and others into a safety package for the 1956 models. Significant work has also been done to prevent head injury in motorsports. Efforts by surgeons, especially neurosurgeons, to prevent head injury in MVCs have saved countless lives, although it is a less frequently celebrated achievement.
Long-term clinical outcomes of bilateral GPi deep brain stimulation in advanced Parkinson’s disease: 5 years and beyond
Takashi Tsuboi MD, PhD1,4, Janine Lemos Melo Lobo Jofili Lopes MD1,Kathryn Moore MD1, Bhavana Patel DO1, Joseph Legacy MD1,Adrianna M. Ratajska BS1,2, Dawn Bowers PhD1,2, Robert S. Eisinger PhD1, Leonardo Almeida MD1, Kelly D. Foote MD3, Michael S. Okun MD1, and Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora MD1
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS20617
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 601–610
Few studies have reported long-term outcomes of globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The authors aimed to investigate long-term outcomes of bilateral GPi DBS for 5 years and beyond for PD patients.
Selection of deep brain stimulation contacts using volume of tissue activated software following subthalamic nucleus stimulation
Mathilde Devaluez MD1, Melissa Tir MD, PhD1, Pierre Krystkowiak MD, PhD1, Mickael Aubignat MD1, and Michel Lefranc MD, PhD2
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS192157
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 611–618
High-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is effective in the treatment of motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Using a patient-specific lead and volume of tissue activated (VTA) software, it is possible to visualize contact positions in the context of the patient’s own anatomy. In this study, the authors’ aim was to demonstrate that VTA software can be used in clinical practice to help determine the clinical effectiveness of stimulation in patients with Parkinson’s disease undergoing DBS of the STN.
What have we learned from 8 years of deep brain stimulation of the anterior thalamic nucleus? Experiences and insights of a single center
Elisabeth Kaufmann MD1, Kai Bötzel MD2, Christian Vollmar MD, PhD1,Jan-Hinnerk Mehrkens MD3, and Soheyl Noachtar MD1
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS20695
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 619–628
In the absence of a standard or guideline for the treatment of epilepsy patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT), systematic single-center investigations are essential to establish effective approaches. Here, the authors report on the long-term results of one of the largest single-center ANT DBS cohorts.
Sex-specific effects of subthalamic nucleus stimulation on pain in Parkinson’s disease
Olga Khazen BS1, Marisa DiMarzio PhD1, Kelsey Platanitis BS1,Heather C. Grimaudo MD2, Maria Hancu1, Miriam M. Shao BS1,Michael D. Staudt MD, MSc2, Lucy Maguire MD, PhD1,2, Vishad V. Sukul MD2, Jennifer Durphy MD3, Era K. Hanspal MD3, Octavian Adam MD3, Eric Molho MD3, and Julie G. Pilitsis MD, PhD1,2
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS201126
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 629–636
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is known to reduce motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The effects of DBS on various nonmotor symptoms often differ from patient to patient. The factors that determine whether or not a patient will respond to treatment have not been elucidated. Here, the authors evaluated sex differences in pain relief after DBS for PD.
Continuous improvement in patient safety and quality in neurological surgery: the American Board of Neurological Surgery in the past, present, and future
Marjorie C. Wang MD, MPH1, Frederick A. Boop MD2, Douglas Kondziolka MD3, Daniel K. Resnick MD, MS4, Steven N. Kalkanis MD5,Elizabeth Koehnen MA6, Nathan R. Selden MD, PhD7, Carl B. Heilman MD8, Alex B. Valadka MD9, Kevin M. Cockroft MD, MSc10, John A. Wilson MD11, Richard G. Ellenbogen MD12, Anthony L. Asher MD13,Richard W. Byrne MD14, Paul J. Camarata MD15, Judy Huang MD16, John J. Knightly MD, Elad I. Levy MD, MBA18, Russell R. Lonser MD19, E. Sander Connolly Jr. MD20, Fredric B. Meyer MD21, and Linda M. Liau MD, PhD, MBA22
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS202066
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 637–643
The American Board of Neurological Surgery (ABNS) was incorporated in 1940 in recognition of the need for detailed training in and special qualifications for the practice of neurological surgery and for self-regulation of quality and safety in the field. The ABNS believes it is the duty of neurosurgeons to place a patient’s welfare and rights above all other considerations and to provide care with compassion, respect for human dignity, honesty, and integrity. At its inception, the ABNS was the 13th member board of the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS), which itself was founded in 1933. Today, the ABNS is one of the 24 member boards of the ABMS.
A tribute to the late Professor Donald Simpson, Australian neurosurgeon and namesake of the Simpson grading system for meningioma extent of resection
Michael R. Chicoine MD1, Alexander T. Yahanda MS1, and Ralph G. Dacey Jr. MD1
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS201331
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 644–650
Donald Simpson (1927–2018) was a neurosurgeon from Adelaide, Australia, who is often cited for the 1957 publication he wrote as a trainee on the relationship between extent of resection and outcomes for meningiomas. That paper summarized a series of over 300 patients operated on in England by well-known neurosurgeons Sir Hugh Cairns and Joseph Buford Pennybacker. Simpson was also known later in his career, when he was at the University of Adelaide in South Australia, for his contributions to the areas of hydrocephalus, spina bifida, craniofacial anomalies, head injury, brain abscesses, and neurosurgical history, and he published extensively on these topics. In addition to his work in clinical neurosurgery, Simpson made humanitarian contributions studying kuru in New Guinea and aiding refugees during the Vietnam War. Simpson was an active member and leader of many Australian surgical organizations and was an officer of the Order of Australia. Donald Simpson’s legacy as an adult and pediatric neurosurgeon, an academician, a leader, and a humanitarian is extensive and will prove long lasting. Professor Simpson’s life serves as an example from which all neurosurgeons may learn.
Use of a novel ball-joint guide array for magnetic resonance imaging–guided cannula placement and convective delivery: technical note
Krystof S. Bankiewicz MD, PhD1, Tomasz Pasterski MD2, Daniel Kreatsoulas MD1, Jakub Onikijuk MD2, Krzysztof Mozgiel MD2, Vikas Munjal BS1, J. Bradley Elder MD1, Russell R. Lonser MD1, andMirosław Zabek MD, PhD2
doi : 10.3171/2020.6.JNS201564
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 651–657
The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility, accuracy, effectiveness, and safety of an MRI-compatible frameless stereotactic ball-joint guide array (BJGA) as a platform for cannula placement and convection-enhanced delivery (CED).
Erratum. The Simpson grade: abandon the scale but preserve the message
Theodore H. Schwartz MD1 and Michael W. McDermott MD2
doi : 10.3171/2021.2.JNS201904a
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 658
Letter to the Editor. Rethinking the mentorship system in neurosurgery
Nathan Beucler MD1,2, Aurore Sellier MD1, Nicolas Desse MD, MS1,Christophe Joubert MD, MS1, and Arnaud Dagain MD, MS1,3
doi : 10.3171/2020.11.JNS204050
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 659–660
Letter to the Editor. Time to move beyond the Simpson scale in meningioma surgery
Benjamin I. Rapoport MD, PhD1, Michael W. McDermott MD2, andTheodore H. Schwartz MD1
doi : 10.3171/2020.12.JNS204213
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 661–662
Letter to the Editor. Misconceptions in the field guide to big data for neurosurgeons
Michael T. C. Poon MBChB, MSc, MRCS(Ed)1,2,3, Jorge Gaete-Villegas MSc4,Paul M. Brennan MBBChir, FRCS(Ed), PhD2,3, and Jacques Fleuriot PhD4
doi : 10.3171/2020.10.JNS203834
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 662–663
Letter to the Editor. Ballistic trajectory in civilian penetrating brain injury
Aurore Sellier MD1, Nathan Beucler MD1, Christophe Joubert MD1,Nicolas Desse MD1, and Arnaud Dagain MD1
doi : 10.3171/2020.11.JNS204043
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 664
Letter to the Editor. Discrepancies in national databases for TBI estimates
Debbie Y. Madhok MD1, Renee Y. Hsia MD, MSc1, and Geoffrey T. Manley MD, PhD2
doi : 10.3171/2020.12.JNS204327
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 665–666
Letter to the Editor. Creating the conditions for gender equality to end sexual harassment in neurosurgery
Mónica Patricia Herrera-Martinez MD1,2, Ezequiel García-Ballestas MD1,2,Ivan Lozada-Martinez MS2,3,4, Daniela Torres-Llinás MS3, and Luis Moscote-Salazar MD1,2,3,4
doi : 10.3171/2020.12.JNS204261
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 667
Letter to the Editor. Academic and research interest groups in neurosurgery: a smart strategy in times of COVID-19
Juan Maiguel-Lapeira MS1, Ivan Lozada-Martinez MD1,2,3, Daniela Torres-Llinás MS1, Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar MD1,2,3, and Mohammed Al-Dhahir MD4
doi : 10.3171/2020.12.JNS204383
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 668–669
Letter to the Editor. Missing Glasgow Coma Scale verbal component scores
Vishwa Bharathi Gaonkar MS1, Kanwaljeet Garg MCh1, and Manmohan Singh MS, MCh1
doi : 10.3171/2021.1.JNS21172
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 670
Oral Presentations 2021 AANS Annual Scientific Meeting
doi : 10.3171/2020.8.JNS.AANS2021abstracts
Journal of Neurosurgery, Volume 135, Issue 2, pp. 1–73
