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Spotlight on the October 19 Issue
Merino, Jose G. MD, MPhil
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012697
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p 749-750
Longer-term Safety of B-Cell Therapy With Ocrelizumab in Multiple Sclerosis
Yeh, E. Ann MD, MA; Bourdette, Dennis MD; Wiendl, Heinz MD
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012716
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p 751-753
Mapping Epileptogenic Tissues in MRI-Negative Focal Epilepsy: Can Deep Learning Uncover Hidden Lesions?
Sinha, Nishant PhD; Davis, Kathryn Adamiak MD, MS
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012696
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p 754-755
Safety of Ocrelizumab in Patients With Relapsing and Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Hauser, Stephen L. MD; Kappos, Ludwig MD; Montalban, Xavier MD, PhD, MBA; Craveiro, Licinio MD, PhD; Chognot, Cathy PhD; Hughes, Richard MD; Koendgen, Harold MD, PhD; Pasquarelli, Noemi PhD, MSc; Pradhan, Ashish MD; Prajapati, Kalpesh MSc, MPhil; Wolinsky, Jerry S. MD
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012700
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p e1546-e1559
To report safety of ocrelizumab (OCR) up to 7 years in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) enrolled in clinical trials or treated in real-world postmarketing settings.
Comparison of the EDSS, Timed 25-Foot Walk, and the 9-Hole Peg Test as Clinical Trial Outcomes in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Koch, Marcus W. MD, PhD; Mostert, Jop P. MD, PhD; Wolinsky, Jerry S. MD; Lublin, Fred D. MD; Uitdehaag, Bernard MD, PhD; Cutter, Gary R. PhD
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012690
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p e1560-e1570
Clinical trials in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) usually use the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) as their primary disability outcome measure, while the more recently developed outcomes timed 25-ft walk (T25FW) and 9-hole peg test (NHPT) may be more useful and patient relevant. The objective of this work was to compare the EDSS to the T25FW and NHPT in a large RRMS randomized controlled trial (RCT) dataset.
Multicenter Validation of a Deep Learning Detection Algorithm for Focal Cortical Dysplasia
Gill, Ravnoor Singh PhD-cand; Lee, Hyo-Min PhD-cand; Caldairou, Benoit PhD; Hong, Seok-Jun PhD; Barba, Carmen MD; Deleo, Francesco MD; D'Incerti, Ludovico MD; Mendes Coelho, Vanessa Cristina MD; Lenge, Matteo PhD; Semmelroch, Mira PhD; Schrader, Dewi Victoria MD; Bartolomei, Fabrice MD; Guye, Maxime MD, PhD; Schulze-Bonhage, Andreas MD; Urbach, Horst MD; Cho, Kyoo Ho MD; Cendes, Fernando MD, PhD; Guerrini, Renzo MD; Jackson, Graeme MD; Hogan, R. Edward MD; Bernasconi, Neda MD, PhD*; Bernasconi, Andrea MD*
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012698
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p e1571-e1582
To test the hypothesis that a multicenter-validated computer deep learning algorithm detects MRI-negative focal cortical dysplasia (FCD).
MRI-Based Machine Learning Prediction Framework to Lateralize Hippocampal Sclerosis in Patients With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Caldairou, Benoit PhD*; Foit, Niels A. MD*; Mutti, Carlotta MD; Fadaie, Fatemeh PhDc; Gill, Ravnoor PhDc; Lee, Hyo Min PhDc; Demerath, Theo MD; Urbach, Horst MD; Schulze-Bonhage, Andreas MD; Bernasconi, Andrea MD; Bernasconi, Neda MD, PhD
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012699
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p e1583-e1593
MRI fails to reveal hippocampal pathology in 30% to 50% of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) surgical candidates. To address this clinical challenge, we developed an automated MRI-based classifier that lateralizes the side of covert hippocampal pathology in TLE.
Structural MRI Signatures in Genetic Presentations of the Frontotemporal Dementia/Motor Neuron Disease Spectrum
Spinelli, Edoardo Gioele MD; Ghirelli, Alma MD; Basaia, Silvia PhD; Cividini, Camilla MSc; Riva, Nilo MD, PhD; Canu, Elisa PhD; Castelnovo, Veronica MSc; Domi, Teuta PhD; Magnani, Giuseppe MD; Caso, Francesca MD, PhD; Caroppo, Paola MD, PhD; Prioni, Sara MSc; Rossi, Giacomina PhD; Tremolizzo, Lucio MD; Appollonio, Ildebrando MD; Silani, Vincenzo MD; Carrera, Paola BSc; Filippi, Massimo MD; Agosta, Federica MD, PhD
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012702
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p e1594-e1607
To assess cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar gray matter (GM) atrophy using MRI in patients with disorders of the frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) spectrum with known genetic mutations.
Atrial Fibrillation, Stroke, and Silent Cerebrovascular Disease: A Population-based MRI Study
Ryden, Lina MD; Sacuiu, Simona MD, PhD; Wetterberg, Hanna MSc; Najar, Jenna MD; Guo, Xinxin MD, PhD; Kern, Silke MD, PhD; Zettergren, Anna PhD; Shams, Sara MD, PhD; Pereira, Joana B. PhD; Wahlund, Lars-Olof MD, PhD; Westman, Eric PhD; Skoog, Ingmar MD, PhD
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012675
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p e1608-e1619
Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been associated with cognitive decline and dementia. However, the mechanisms behind these associations are not clear. Examination of cerebrovascular pathology on MRI may shed light on how AF affects the brain. This study aimed to determine whether AF is associated with a broad range of cerebrovascular diseases beyond the well-known association with symptomatic stroke, including silent infarcts and markers of small vessel disease, i.e., cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), and lacunes, in a population-based sample of 70-year-olds.
Subjective Sleep Quality and Sleep Architecture in Patients With Migraine: A Meta-analysis
Stanyer, Emily Charlotte MPsych; Creeney, Hannah MSc; Nesbitt, Alexander David BM, BCh, PhD; Holland, Philip Robert PhD; Hoffmann, Jan MD, PhD
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012701
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p e1620-e1631
Sleep disturbance is often associated with migraine. However, there is a paucity of research investigating objective and subjective measures of sleep in patients with migraine. This meta-analysis aims to determine whether there are differences in subjective sleep quality measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and objective sleep architecture measured using polysomnography (PSG) between adult and pediatric patients and healthy controls.
Neuropathologic Findings in a Patient With Juvenile-Onset Levodopa-Responsive Parkinsonism Due to ATP13A2 Mutation
Chien, Hsin Fen MD, PhD; Rodriguez, Roberta Diehl MD, PhD; Bonifati, Vincenzo MD, PhD; Nitrini, Ricardo MD, PhD; Pasqualucci, Carlos Augusto MD, PhD; Gelpi, Ellen MD, PhD; Barbosa, Egberto Reis MD, PhD
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012705
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p 763-766
To describe the postmortem neuropathologic findings of a patient with Kufor Rakeb syndrome (KRS) due to ATP13A2 mutation. KRS is characterized by juvenile-onset levodopa-responsive parkinsonism associated with pyramidal signs, supranuclear gaze palsy, and cognitive impairment.
Neurologic Safety Monitoring of COVID-19 Vaccines: Lessons From the Past to Inform the Present
Thakur, Kiran Teresa MD; Epstein, Samantha MD; Bilski, Amanda MD; Balbi, Alanna MD; Boehme, Amelia K. PhD; Brannagan, Thomas H. MD; Wesley, Sarah Flanagan MD, MPH; Riley, Claire S. MD
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012703
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p 767-775
The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered a global effort to rapidly develop and deploy effective and safe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations. Vaccination has been one of the most effective medical interventions in human history, although potential safety risks of novel vaccines must be monitored, identified, and quantified. Adverse events must be carefully assessed to define whether they are causally associated with vaccination or coincidence. Neurologic adverse events following immunizations are overall rare but with significant morbidity and mortality when they occur. Here, we review neurologic conditions seen in the context of prior vaccinations and the current data to date on select COVID-19 vaccines including mRNA vaccines and the adenovirus-vector COVID-19 vaccines, ChAdOx1 nCOV-19 (AstraZeneca) and Ad26.COV2.S Johnson & Johnson (Janssen/J&J).
What Is the Role of Oligodendrocytes in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?
Benarroch, Eduardo MD
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012706
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p 776-779
Building a Fence Around Brain Death: The Shielded-Brain Formulation
Gelb, Douglas J. MD, PhD
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012641
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p 780-784
The concept of brain death was proposed more than 50 years ago, and it has been incorporated in laws and clinical practice, but it remains a source of confusion, debate, and litigation. Because of persistent variability in clinical standards and ongoing controversies regarding policies, the Uniform Law Commission, which drafted the Uniform Determination of Death Act in 1980, has appointed a committee to study whether the act should be revised. This article reviews the history of the concept of brain death and its philosophical underpinnings, summarizes the objections that have been raised to the prevailing philosophical formulations, and proposes a new formulation that addresses those objections while preserving current practices.
Clinical and Neuroimaging Features of Encephalocraniocutaneous Lipomatosis
de Moraes, Marianna P.M. MD; Ferreira de Abrantes, Fabiano MD; Tonholo Silva, Thiago Yoshinaga MD; Pedroso, Jose Luiz MD, PhD; Marussi, Victor Hugo R. MD; Meneses, Andrea MD; Barsottini, Orlando G.P. MD, PhD
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012704
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p 785-786
Pearls & Oy-sters: Labyrinthine Infarction Mimicking Vestibular Neuritis
Nam, Hyun-Wook MD; Yoo, Dallah MD; Lee, Sun-Uk MD; Choi, Jeong-Yoon MD, PhD; Yu, Sungwook MD, PhD; Kim, Ji-Soo MD, PhD
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012297
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p 787-790
Clinical Reasoning: An 81-Year-Old Woman Who Insisted the Hospital Was Her Home
Carlisle, Tara C. MD, PhD; Stanley, Michael P.H. MD; Singhal, Aneesh B. MD; Caplan, David N. MD
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012392
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p e1632-e1636
Teaching NeuroImage: Ganglion Cell Patterns Localize Anterior Visual Pathway Lesions
Miller, Gregg D. BA; Vuong, Laurel N. MD; Hedges, Thomas R. III MD
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012200
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p e1637-e1638
Teaching NeuroImage: Isolated Unilateral Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy due to Skull Base Meningioma
Coenen, Jessica MBChB; Cleaver, Jonathan MBChB (Hons); James, Richard MBChB; Chohan, Gurjit MBChB
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012232
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p e1639-e1640
Editors' Note: Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Patients With Painful Idiopathic Small Fiber Neuropathy
Lewis, Ariane MD; Galetta, Steven MD
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012707
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p 791
Reader Response: Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Patients With Painful Idiopathic Small Fiber Neuropathy
Song, Pu; Xu, Xingshun
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012711
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p 791-792
Author Response: Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Patients With Painful Idiopathic Small Fiber Neuropathy
Geerts, Margot; de Greef, Bianca T.A.; Sopacua, Maurice; van Kuijk, Sander M.J.; Hoeijmakers, Janneke G.J.; Faber, Catharina G.; Merkies, Ingemar S.J.
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012712
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p 792
Reader Response: Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Patients With Painful Idiopathic Small Fiber Neuropathy
Gemignani, Franco
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012709
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p 793
Author Response: Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Patients With Painful Idiopathic Small Fiber Neuropathy
Geerts, Margot; de Greef, Bianca T.A.; Sopacua, Maurice; van Kuijk, Sander M.J.; Hoeijmakers, Janneke G.J.; Faber, Catharina G.; Merkies, Ingemar S.J.
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012710
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p 793-794
Reader Response: Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Patients With Painful Idiopathic Small Fiber Neuropathy
Wilder-Smith, Einar; Spoendlin, Julia
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012713
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p 794
Author Response: Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Patients With Painful Idiopathic Small Fiber Neuropathy
Geerts, Margot; de Greef, Bianca T.A.; Sopacua, Maurice; van Kuijk, Sander M.J.; Hoeijmakers, Janneke G.J.; Faber, Catharina G.; Merkies, Ingemar S.J.
doi : 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012714
Volume 97(16), 19 October 2021, p 794-795
