دسترسی یکساله به بیش از ۵۰۰ ژورنال روز جهان موجود در سامانه
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Science dialogue mapping of knowledge and knowledge gaps related to the effects of dairy intake on human cardiovascular health and disease
Andrew W. BrownORCID Icon,Kathryn A. KaiserORCID Icon,Andrew Keitt,Kevin FontaineORCID Icon,Madeline GibsonORCID Icon,Barbara A. GowerORCID Icon,James M. Shikany,Colby J. VorlandORCID Icon,Donald C. BeitzORCID Icon,Dennis M. Bier,J. Thomas BrennaORCID Icon,David R. Jacobs Jr.ORCID Icon,Penny Kris-Etherton,Kevin MakiORCID Icon,Michael Miller,Marie-Pierre St-OngeORCID Icon,Margarita Teran-GarciaORCID Icon &David B. AllisonORCID Icon show less
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1722941
Volume 61, Issue 2, Pages 179-195 | Published online: 19 Feb 2020
Dairy has been described as everything from a superfood to a poison; yet, arguments, assumptions, and data justifying these labels are not always clear. We used an issue-based information system, “dialogue mapping™,” to summarize scientific points of a live panel discussion on the putative effects of dairy on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) from a day-long session among experts in nutrition and CVD. Dialogue mapping captures relations among ideas to explicitly, logically, and visually connect issues/questions, ideas, pro/con arguments, and agreements, even if discussed at different times. Experts discussed two propositions: for CVD risk, consumption of full-fat dairy products 1) should be minimized, in part because of their saturated fat content, or 2) need not be minimized, despite their saturated fat content. The panel discussed the dairy-CVD relation through blood lipids, diabetes, obesity, energy balance, blood pressure, dairy bioactives, biobehavioral components, and other putative causal pathways. Associations and effects reported in the literature have varied by fat content of dairy elements considered, study design, intake methods, and biomarker versus disease outcomes. Two conceptual topics emerged from the discussion: 1) individual variability: whether recommendations should be targeted only to those at high CVD risk; 2) quality of evidence: whether data on dairy-CVD relations are strong enough for reliable conclusions—positive, negative, or null. Future procedural improvements for science dialog mapping include using singular rather than competing propositions for discussion.
Critical reviews and recent advances of novel non-thermal processing techniques on the modification of food allergens
Xin Dong,Jin WangORCID Icon &Vijaya Raghavan
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1722942
Volume 61, Issue 2, Pages 196-210 | Published online: 12 Feb 2020
Nowadays, the increasing prevalence of food allergy has become a public concern related to human health worldwide. Thus, it is imperative and necessary to provide some efficient methods for the management of food allergy. Some conventional processing methods (e.g., boiling and steaming) have been applied in the reduction of food immunoreactivity, while these treatments significantly destroy nutritional components present in food sources. Several studies have shown that novel processing techniques generally have better performance in retaining original characteristics of food and improving the efficiency of eliminating allergens. This review has focused on the recent advances of novel non-thermal processing techniques including high-pressure processing, ultrasound, pulsed light, cold plasma, fermentation, pulsed electric field, enzymatic hydrolysis, and the combination processing of them. Meanwhile, general information on global food allergy prevalence and food allergy pathology are also described. Hopefully, these findings regarding the modifications on the food allergens through various novel food processing techniques can provide an in-depth understanding in the mechanism of food allergy, which in turn possibly provides a strategy to adapt in the reduction of food immunoreactivity for the food industries.
Advances in physiological functions and mechanisms of (?)-epicatechin
Zhihao Qu,Ailing Liu,Penghui LiORCID Icon,Changwei Liu,Wenjun Xiao,Jianan Huang,Zhonghua LiuORCID Icon &Sheng ZhangORCID Icon show less
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1723057
Volume 61, Issue 2, Pages 211-233 | Published online: 23 Feb 2020
(?)-Epicatechin (EC) is a flavanol easily obtained through the diet and is present in tea, cocoa, vegetables, fruits, and cereals. Recent studies have shown that EC protects human health and exhibits prominent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, enhances muscle performance, improves symptoms of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, prevents diabetes, and protects the nervous system. With the development of modern medical and biotechnology research, the mechanisms of action associated with EC toward various chronic diseases are becoming more apparent, and the pharmacological development and utilization of EC has been increasingly clarified. Currently, there is no comprehensive systematic introduction to the effects of EC and its mechanisms of action. This review presents the latest research progress and the role of EC in the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases and its protective health effects and provides a theoretical basis for future research on EC.
Classical methods and perspectives for manipulating the human gut microbial ecosystem
Jorge Armando Jiménez-Avalos,Gerardo Arrevillaga-Boni,Lorena González-López,Zaira Yunuen García-CarvajalORCID Icon &Marisela González-Avila
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1724075
Volume 61, Issue 2, Pages 234-258 | Published online: 02 Mar 2020
A healthy Human Gut Microbial Ecosystem (HGME) is a necessary condition for maintaining the orderly function of the whole body. Major alterations in the normal gut microbial composition, activity and functionality (dysbiosis) by an environmental or host-related disruptive event, can compromise metabolic, inflammatory, and neurological processes, causing disorders such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and depressive episodes. The restore or the maintaining of the homeostatic balance of Gut Microbiota (GM) populations (eubiosis) is possible through diet, the use of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, and even Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT). Although these “classic methods” represent an effective and accepted way to modulate GM, the complexity of HGME requires new approaches to control it in a more appropriate way. Among the most promising emergent strategies for modulating GM are the use of engineered nanomaterials (metallic nanoparticles (NP), polymeric-NP, quantum dots, micelles, dendrimers, and liposomes); phagotherapy (i.e., phages linked with the CRISPR/Cas9 system), and the use of antimicrobial peptides, non-antibiotic drugs, vaccines, and immunoglobulins. Here we review the current state of development, implications, advantages, disadvantages, and perspectives of the different approaches for manipulating HGME.
Metabolic indices of polyunsaturated fatty acids: current evidence, research controversies, and clinical utility
Sergio DavinelliORCID Icon,Mariano Intrieri,Graziamaria Corbi &Giovanni Scapagnini
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1724871
Volume 61, Issue 2, Pages 259-274 | Published online: 14 Feb 2020
The n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are among the most studied nutrients in human metabolism. In the past few decades, prospective studies and controlled trials have supported the view that the effects of these essential fatty acids are clinically relevant. PUFA profiles in different blood compartments are reflections of both diet and metabolism, and their levels may be related to disease risk. Despite widespread interest, there is no consensus regarding which biomarkers best reflect PUFA status in the body. The measurement of PUFA levels is not straight-forward, and a wide variety of indices have been used in clinical studies, producing conflicting results. A major source of heterogeneity among studies is associated with research design, sampling, and laboratory analyses. To date, the n-3 index, n-6/n-3 ratio, and arachidonic acid (AA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratio are the most promising biomarkers associated with PUFA metabolism. Although hotly debated, these indices may be considered at least markers, if not risk factors, for several diseases, especially cardiovascular events and brain disorders. Here, we summarize the most updated evidence of n-3 and n-6 PUFA effects on human health, reviewing current controversies on the aforementioned indices and whether they can be considered valuable predictors of clinical outcomes.
Use of natural resources from Southern Brazil as a strategy to mitigate fungal contamination
Eliana Badiale Furlong,Vitor Badiale Furlong,Larine Kupski,Priscila Tessmer Scaglioni,Taiana Denardi de Souza &Anelise Christ-Ribeiro
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1726868
Volume 61, Issue 2, Pages 275-282 | Published online: 19 Feb 2020
Contamination of food by fungi can result in changes in sensory characteristics, as well as rapid reduction in quality and consequently the infeasibility of using contaminated material. In addition, contamination can pose a danger to public health, as in addition to decreasing the availability of nutrients, some fungal species can produce toxic substances. Much research has explored the use of natural resources to prevent or mitigate microbial contamination. Recovery of chemicals from many families from plants and microorganisms has been evaluated. Phenolic compounds are the most studied class on the premise that they have the capacity to inhibit endogenous and exogenous biological degradation processes. In this manuscript, we intend to emphasize the biochemical and experimental evidence of the phenolic compounds present in natural resources from the South of Brazil that have potential to be used in strategies to mitigate the consequences of fungal contamination. The crude phenolic extracts from natural resources (plant portion and microorganisms) of the Southern Brazilian region should be better exploited, to propose strategies to scale up their application in food industries because they have demonstrated an ability to inhibit fungal development without promoting stress and consequent mycotoxin production.
Exploration of the functionality of sugars in cake-baking, and effects on cake quality
Louise SladeORCID Icon,Meera KweonORCID Icon &Harry LevineORCID Icon
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1729694
Volume 61, Issue 2, Pages 283-311 | Published online: 23 Feb 2020
This review paper describes our exploratory experimental studies on the functionality of sucrose and other sugars in cake-baking, and effects on cake quality. We have used the American Association of Cereal Chemists Method 10-90.01 as a base cake-baking method, and have applied Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Rapid Visco-Analyzer, and time-lapse photography analyses in experimental design studies of the effects of the following ingredient and formulation variables on cake quality (e.g. texture, color, moisture content) and other finished-product properties (e.g. shape, dimensions): (a) cake formula levels of sucrose and water, in terms of %Sucrose and Total Solvent; (b) concentration of sucrose or other sugars (e.g. xylose, ribose, fructose, glucose, maltose, polydextrose) vs. wheat flour starch gelatinization temperature and starch pasting during baking and gluten development during mixing; (c) unchlorinated flour vs. chlorinated flours (of varying pH); (d) cake formula %Sucrose and TS vs. cake color, shape, and dimensions; (e) cakes formulated with sucrose or other sugars (i.e. xylose, fructose, glucose), and variable %S and TS, and unchlorinated or chlorinated flour (pH 4.6), vs. cake color, shape, and dimensions.
Recent developments on rapid detection of main constituents in milk: a review
Zhuozhuo ZhuORCID Icon &Wenchuan GuoORCID Icon
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1731417
Volume 61, Issue 2, Pages 312-324 | Published online: 27 Feb 2020
Milk is a good source of quality fats, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. Determining milk constituents is very important in dairy production and is usually conducted by means of physical or chemical processes in laboratories. These methods are time-consuming and cannot satisfy the need in practice. Developing simple, quick, cost-effective, reliable, and sensitive methods on the detection of main constituents in milk is useful for dairy farmers, manufacturers and consumers. In last decades, many rapid detection techniques such as chromatography, spectroscopy, dielectric properties, and sensors, have emerged and shown great potential in the detection of main constituents in liquid milk. In this review, the rapid detection techniques applied to determine the main constituents in milk have been reviewed. Meanwhile, the potential advantages and limitations of these techniques and recommendations for future research have also been proposed.
Are anti-inflammatory agents and nutraceuticals - novel inhibitors of PCSK9?
Rana Shafabakhsh,Željko Reiner,Jamal Hallajzadeh,Liaosadat Mirsafaei &Zatollah Asemi
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1731678
Volume 61, Issue 2, Pages 325-336 | Published online: 23 Feb 2020
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a protease which increases the lysosomal degradation of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) resulting in elevated serum LDL-cholesterol levels. Elevated LDL-cholesterol is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Antibodies to PCSK9 decrease LDL-cholesterol. Recent studies have suggested a direct relationship between PCSK9 and inflammation and the potential inhibitory effects of anti-inflammatory agents against this enzyme. Nutraceuticals are natural compounds, which have numerous anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects. In this review we focus on anti-inflammatory substances and nutraceuticals, which are beneficial in treatment of dyslipidemia. We also reviewed the recent findings concerning the role of PCSK9 as the main target for molecular mechanisms of these substances.
The impact of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on the biochemical, clinical, and immunological markers, as well as on the gut microbiota of obese hosts
Tatiane Ferreira da Silva,Sabrina Neves Casarotti,Gislane Lelis Vilela de Oliveira &Ana Lúcia Barretto PennaORCID Icon
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1733483
Volume 61, Issue 2, Pages 337-355 | Published online: 10 Mar 2020
Obesity is currently considered a global epidemic and it leads to several alterations on the human body and its metabolism. There are evidences showing that the intestinal microbiota can influence on the pathogenesis of obesity. Microbiota plays a vital role not only in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, but also in the homeostatic maintenance of host immunity, metabolism, and gut barrier. Its dietary alteration is an important target in the treatment of obesity. Emerging evidence suggests that modifying the composition of the gut microbiota through probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation may be a viable adjuvant treatment option for obese individuals. In this review, the impact of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on the anthropometric profile, biochemical regulation, clinical, and immunological markers, as well as on the gut microbiota of obese hosts is described. It also emphasizes how changes in the composition and/or metabolic activity of the gut microbiota through the administration of nutrients with probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic properties can modulate the host’s gene expression and metabolism, and thereby positively influence on the host’s adipose tissue development and related metabolic disorders. The beneficial effects on the host’s metabolism promoted by prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been successfully demonstrated by several studies. However, further investigation is needed to fully explain the cellular mechanisms of action of probiotics and prebiotics on human health, and also to elucidate the relationship between microbiota and obesity etiology, using well-designed, long-term, and large-scale clinical interventions.
