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Recent development of innovative methods for efficient frying technology
Shoma Devi, Min Zhang, Ronghua Ju & Bhesh Bhandari
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1804319
Volume 61, Issue 22, Pages 3709-3724
Deep-frying is the century-old and the most common cooking process which is still being used to prepare a variety of food products in industrial and domestic scales. Compared to other cooking processes, frying produces some distinctive flavor characteristics, but other undesirable and unacceptable characteristics to consumers are also originated during frying. Researchers have taken various technical approaches for reducing the oil content of fried products without compromising product quality. This review discusses some recently developed frying techniques which could improve the product quality, and advance frying efficiency, to save energy cost. Some modified method of alternative frying technologies used by the researchers are vacuum frying, microwave frying, microwave-assisted vacuum frying, radiant frying, ultrasound treated frying, air frying or their combinations. In this review, we aim to give a detailed insight into some specific aspects of new deep-frying practices and pretreatments for the quality maintenance of fried products highlighting their novelty and efficiency.
Falsehoods and facts about dietary sugars: a call for evidence-based policy
Edward Archer & Bahram Arjmandi
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1804320
Volume 61, Issue 22, Pages: 3725-3739
Sugar, tobacco, and alcohol have been demonized since the seventeenth century. Yet unlike tobacco and alcohol, there is indisputable scientific evidence that dietary sugars were essential for human evolution and are essential for human health and development. Therefore, the purpose of this analytic review and commentary is to demonstrate that anti-sugar rhetoric is divorced from established scientific facts and has led to politically expedient but ill-informed policies reminiscent of those enacted about alcohol a century ago in the United States. Herein, we present a large body of interdisciplinary research to illuminate several misconceptions, falsehoods, and facts about dietary sugars. We argue that anti-sugar policies and recommendations are not merely unscientific but are regressive and unjust because they harm the most vulnerable members of our society while providing no personal or public health benefits.
Food-derived bioactive compounds with anti-aging potential for nutricosmetic and cosmeceutical products
David Fonseca Hernandez, Eugenia Lugo Cervantes, Diego A. Luna-Vital & Luis Mojica
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1805407
Volume 61, Issue 22, Pages: 3740-3755
Besides providing essential nutrients for humans, food contains bioactive compounds that exert diverse biological activities such as anti-microbial, anti-cancerogenic, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. The cosmetic industry is interested in natural bioactive compounds for their use in nutricosmetic and cosmeceutical products. These products aimed to reduce skin aging, inflammation or provide photoprotection against UV radiation. As a result, nutricosmetics and cosmeceuticals are becoming innovative self-care products in the beauty market. These products contain phytochemicals as active compounds obtained from fruits, vegetables, legumes, medicinal herbs and plants with anti-aging potential. This review summarizes the information within the last 5?years related to bioactive compounds present in fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices commonly used for human consumption. Their antioxidant and biological potential for modulating molecular markers involved in the aging process, as well as their mechanism of action. Diverse natural foods and their byproducts could be used as a source of bioactive compounds for developing cosmeceutical and nutricosmetic products.
Maternal intake of caffeinated products and birth defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Yan Yue, Wenxing Li, Jun Tang, Yan Zeng, Tao Xiong, Xia Qiu, Jing Shi, Hua Wang, Bin Xia, Lili Luo, Yi Qu & Dezhi Mu
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1806200
Volume 61, Issue 22, Pages: 3756-3770
Caffeinated products are frequently consumed by women of childbearing age worldwide. It still unclear that whether maternal intake of caffeine associated with an increased risk of birth defects. We searched the databases of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for eligible studies through July 2020. All studies examining the association between maternal consumption of caffeine or caffeinated products and birth defects were included. Twenty-nine studies were included in this meta-analysis. Among all the birth defects, maternal caffeine consumption was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular defects, [odds ratio (OR) 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–1.28], craniofacial defects (OR 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02–1.17), alimentary tract defects (OR 1.35; 95% CI, 1.16–1.56), and abdominal-wall defects and hernia (OR 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03–1.25). No association was found between maternal caffeine intake and musculoskeletal system defects, genitourinary system defects, nervous system defects, or chromosomal abnormalities. Meanwhile, all three of the caffeine consumption categories (low, moderate, and high) were associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular defects and alimentary tract defects.
Combining natural antimicrobials and nanotechnology for disinfecting food surfaces and control microbial biofilm formation
Fabiola Ayres Cacciatore, Adriano Brandelli & Patrícia da Silva Malheiros
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1806782
Volume 61, Issue 22, Pages: 3771-3782
The elimination of microbial surface contaminants is one of the most important steps in Good Manufacturing Practices in order to maintain food safety. This is usually achieved by detergents and chemical sanitizers, although an increased demand exists for the use of natural products for disinfection purposes. Several natural substances present antibacterial activity against the main foodborne pathogens, demonstrating great potential for use in the food industry. Some difficulties such as high volatility, residual taste and/or degradation by exposure to harsh processing conditions have been reported. Nanoparticle encapsulation appears as a strategy to protect bioactive compounds, maintaining their antimicrobial activity and providing controlled release as well. This article presents the potential of natural antimicrobials and their combination with nanotechnological strategies as an alternative for food surface disinfection and prevent microbial biofilm formation.
A systematic review of in vitro studies evaluating the inhibitory effects of polyphenol-rich fruit extracts on carbohydrate digestive enzymes activity: a focus on culinary fruits consumed in Europe
E. J. Prpa, B. H. Bajka, P. R. Ellis, P. J. Butterworth, C. P. Corpe & W. L. Hall
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1808585
Volume 61, Issue 22, Pages: 3783-3803
Evidence shows that polyphenols can attenuate postprandial blood glucose responses to meals containing digestible carbohydrate. Polyphenol-rich plant extracts are emerging as potential ingredients in functional foods and/or beverages despite limited understanding of their physiological effects. Many studies have investigated the mechanisms of polyphenol-rich fruit extracts on inhibition of digestive enzymes. However, the evidence available has yet to be critically evaluated systematically. This report reviews the in vitro literature to quantify the effect of fruit polyphenol extracts on the activities of digestive carbohydrases. A systematic literature search was conducted using six science databases. Included studies, totaling 34 in number, were in vitro digestion models which quantified gut digestive enzyme(s) activity on starch digestion in the presence of fruit polyphenol extracts. Most studies assessed the effects of fruit extracts on either ?-amylase (n?=?30) or ?-glucosidase (n?=?30) activity. Studies were consistent overall in showing stronger inhibition of ?-amylase compared to ?-glucosidase by proanthocyanidin- and/or ellagitannin-rich fruit extracts. Recommendations are proposed for future reporting of this type of research to enable meaningful synthesis of the literature as a whole. Such knowledge could allow effective choices to be made for development of novel functional foods and beverages.
Invertase inhibitors in potato: towards a biochemical and molecular understanding of cold-induced sweetening
Sagar S. Datir0000-0003-0065-498X
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1808876
Volume 61, Issue 22, Pages: 3804-3818
Invertase inhibitors classified as cell wall/apoplastic and vacuolar belonging to the pectin methylesterase family, play a major role in cold-induced sweetening (CIS) process of potato tubers. The CIS process is controlled at the post-translational level via an interaction between invertase (cell wall/apoplastic and vacuolar) by their compartment-specific inhibitors (cell wall/apoplastic and vacuolar). Invertase inhibitors have been cloned, sequenced and functionally characterized from potato cultivars differing in their CIS ability. The secondary structure of the invertase inhibitors consisted of seven alpha-helices and four conserved cysteine residues. The well-conserved three amino acids i.e. Pro-Lys-Phe are known to interact with invertase. Location of the genes encoding cell wall/apoplastic and vacuolar invertase inhibitors on potato chromosome number twelve in a tandem orientation without any intervening genes suggest their divergence into the cell wall and vacuole forms following the event of gene duplication. Under cold storage conditions, the vacuolar invertase inhibitor gene showed developmentally regulated alternative splicing and produce hybrid mRNAs which were the result of mRNA splicing of an upstream region of vacuolar invertase inhibitor gene to a downstream region of the apoplastic invertase inhibitor gene. Transgenic potato tubers overexpressing invertase inhibitors resulted in decreased invertase activity, low reducing sugars and improved processing quality making invertase inhibitors highly potential candidate genes for overcoming CIS. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene-editing technology offers transgene-free breeding for developing CIS resistant potato cultivars. Moreover, the post-transcriptional regulation of invertase inhibitors during cold storage can be warranted. This review summarizes progress and current knowledge on biochemical and molecular approaches used for the understanding of invertase inhibitors with special reference to key findings in potato.
Current research progress of mammalian cell-based biosensors on the detection of foodborne pathogens and toxins
Xin Lu, Yongli Ye, Yinzhi Zhang & Xiulan Sun
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1809341
Volume 61, Issue 22, Pages: 3819-3835
Foodborne diseases caused by pathogens and toxins are a serious threat to food safety and human health; thus, they are major concern to society. Existing conventional foodborne pathogen or toxin detection methods, including microbiological assay, nucleic acid-based assays, immunological assays, and instrumental analytical method, are time-consuming, labor-intensive and expensive. Because of the fast response and high sensitivity, cell-based biosensors are promising novel tools for food safety risk assessment and monitoring. This review focuses on the properties of mammalian cell-based biosensors and applications in the detection of foodborne pathogens (bacteria and viruses) and toxins (bacterial toxins, mycotoxins and marine toxins). We discuss mammalian cell adhesion and how it is involved in the establishment of 3D cell culture models for mammalian cell-based biosensors, as well as evaluate their limitations for commercialization and further development prospects.
Canola/rapeseed protein – nutritional value, functionality and food application: a review
Anna Chmielewska, Magdalena Koz?owska, Danuta Rachwa?, Piotr Wnukowski, Ryszard Amarowicz, Ewa Nebesny & Justyna Rosicka-Kaczmarek
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1809342
Volume 61, Issue 22, Pages: 3836-3856
Plant-based diet and plant proteins specifically are predestined to meet nutritional requirements of growing population of humans and simultaneously reduce negative effects of food production on the environment. While searching for new sources of proteins, special emphasis should be placed on oilseeds of Brassica family comprising varieties of rapeseed and canola as they contain nutritionally valuable proteins, which have potential to be used in food, but are now rarely or not used as food components. The purpose of the present work is to provide a comprehensive review of main canola/rapeseed proteins: cruciferin and napin, with the focus on their nutritional and functional features, putting special emphasis on their possible applications in food. Technological challenges to obtain rapeseed protein products that are free from anti-nutritional factors are also addressed. As molecular structure of cruciferin and napin differs, they exhibit distinct features, such as solubility, emulsifying, foaming or gelling properties. Potential allergenic effect of 2S napin has to be taken under consideration. Overall, rapeseed proteins demonstrate beneficial nutritional value and functional properties and are deemed to play important roles both in food, as well as, non-food and non-feed applications.
Protective role of mitoquinone against impaired mitochondrial homeostasis in metabolic syndrome
Jing Yang, Huayi Suo & Jiajia Song
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1809344
Volume 61, Issue 22, Pages: 3857-3875
Mitochondria control various processes in cellular metabolic homeostasis, such as adenosine triphosphate production, generation and clearance of reactive oxygen species, control of intracellular Ca2+ and apoptosis, and are thus a critical therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome (MetS). The mitochondrial targeted antioxidant mitoquinone (MitoQ) reduces mitochondrial oxidative stress, prevents impaired mitochondrial dynamics, and increases mitochondrial turnover by promoting autophagy (mitophagy) and mitochondrial biogenesis, which ultimately contribute to the attenuation of MetS conditions, including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The regulatory effect of MitoQ on mitochondrial homeostasis is mediated through AMPK and its downstream signaling pathways, including MTOR, SIRT1, Nrf2 and NF-?B. However, there are few reviews focusing on the critical role of MitoQ as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of MetS. The purpose of this review is to summarize the mitochondrial role in the pathogenesis of MetS, especially in obesity and type 2 diabetes, and discuss the effect and underlying mechanism of MitoQ on mitochondrial homeostasis in MetS.
Recent advances in understanding the control of disinfectant-resistant biofilms by hurdle technology in the food industry
Lei Yuan, Faizan A. Sadiq, Ni Wang, Zhenquan Yang & Guoqing He
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1809345
Volume 61, Issue 22, Pages: 3876-3891
Modern food processing environment provides an ideal condition for biofilms formation by foodborne and spoilage microorganisms on different food contact surfaces. It is widely acknowledged that biofilm has become a serious problem in the food industry, as the biofilm growth mode induces microbial resistance to chemical disinfection. The persistence of biofilms after cleaning and disinfection procedures may result in foodborne illness and food spoilage, emphasizing the importance of preventing biofilms in food production facilities. The use of conventional disinfection technologies alone may not help to achieve the goal of producing safe food products with high quality. Hurdle technology provides a great option for the effective control of biofilms formed on food contact surfaces. Thus, a better understanding of biofilm behavior in response to different disinfectants, as well as seeking potential hurdle technologies to control biofilms are essential. In this review, we discuss the factors that influence the efficiency of disinfectants, and elaborate possible mechanisms which are behind the apparent high antimicrobial resistance of biofilms, and as well as mechanisms which are involved in effective hurdle technologies to control biofilms.
Impact of the source of fermentable carbohydrate on SCFA production by human gut microbiota in vitro - a systematic scoping review and secondary analysis
Hannah C. Harris, Douglas J. Morrison & Christine A. Edwards
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1809991
Volume 61, Issue 22, Pages: 3892-3903
Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are produced by bacterial fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) and have many potential tissue and SCFA specific actions, from providing fuel for colonic cells to appetite regulation. Many studies have described the fermentation of different carbohydrates, often using in vitro batch culture. As evidence-based critical evaluation of substrates selectively promoting production of individual SCFA is lacking, we performed a systematic scoping literature review. Databases were searched to identify relevant papers published between 1900 and 12/06/2016. Search terms included In vitro batch fermentation and In vitro short chain fatty acid production. Articles were considered for essential criteria allowing equivalent comparison of SCFA between NDC. Seventy seven articles were included in the final analysis examining 29 different carbohydrates. After 24-hour fermentation, galacto-oligosaccharide ranked highest for butyrate and total SCFA production and second for acetate production. Rhamnose ranked highest for propionate production. The lowest SCFA production was observed for kiwi fiber, polydextrose, and cellulose. This review demonstrates that choosing a substrate to selectively enhance a specific SCFA is difficult, and the molar proportion of each SCFA produced by individual substrates may be misleading. Instead the rate and ratio of SCFA production should be evaluated in parallel.
DNA barcode markers applied to seafood authentication: an updated review
Telmo J. R. Fernandes, Joana S. Amaral & Isabel Mafra
doi : 10.1080/10408398.2020.1811200
Volume 61, Issue 22, Pages: 3904-3935
The world’s seafood supply and trade have increased in the last decades, as well as the potential for marketed species substitution. Currently, seafood safety and authenticity assessment have become central issues, directly related with the identification of improper labeling of processed foods. To detect and prevent mislabeling issues, species identification using DNA barcodes has been widely used as effective molecular markers. Therefore, this review intends to present the current status on the application of DNA barcodes to seafood species authentication. In this regard, the barcode regions, reference databases and related methodologies are described, while applications are listed and summarized. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene has been the preferential targeted DNA region in animal species identification, including fish and shellfish, though other mitochondrial (cytb, 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA) and nuclear genes have been used. DNA barcoding relying on Sanger’s sequencing has been the most used approach for seafood authentication. Nevertheless, in recent years, noteworthy progresses have been advanced toward DNA barcoding strategies, involving next generation sequencing. Methods relying on real-time PCR using species-specific primers and probes or followed by high resolution melting analysis combined with DNA barcodes represent alternative and promising approaches for simple, cost-effective and high-throughput species discrimination in processed seafood. Still, polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism detection, targeting DNA barcodes, continues to be a well-established and broadly accepted method in seafood authentication.
